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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

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*T  PLEASE  HANG  IP  AND  PRESERVE  THIS  PAMPHLET 

>Si        ii" ■        i*       ~»       »       ~       ~       -     ,  — ,       -,       -       x       -       x       -i  ..  -i  „, -..     «       -»      -.      V       »T   i*>-. 


^       ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE. 


J  AS.  LEFFEL'S  AMERICAN 


atwltfkd, 


Manufactured  by 


Leffel  &  Myers, 


OREGON     IRON     WORKS, 
PORTLAND,    OREGON. 

A.  T. .  Walling  A  Co.,  Printers,  Portland. 

-^.^,w^,  M—-.  — , .1—  ...     _         W  — >.  —  >,— I^l—M—^-     W-M—M-^      ^—M  —  M...^        >, 
*"         ~         —         ----------  -  -  .  ______  _ — 

Please  hand  this  to  some  one  interested  in  Water  Power. 

§r*  Geo.  H.  Jones,  General  Traveling  Agent  for  California,  &o<^/_ 
lapp  &  Grant.  310  Wash.  St,  Agts.,  for  San  Francisco,  and  Wheel  Depot, 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 
Ainoskeag,  Ax  Factory 4 

Breast  Wheels 8,  12 

Compared  with   Overshots.....  ..5,  64,  55 

Circular  Saw  Mills 28,  54,  55,  49 

Construction  and  finish 34 

Connecticut 44 

California 48,  49,  32,  cover. 

Double  Wheel 19 

Durability  and   Simplicity 19,  22 

Directions  for  pnt'g  in  wheels,15, 18,38,39 

Dimension    Table 40 

Delaware 43 

Explanation  Tables 22 

Explanation  Cuts ...15,  18,  38 

Exchanging  Wheels .52 

Fall  in  feet,  17  ft " 7,  9 

"      30  ft 10 

"•        "      20  ft 9 

"      32  ft ". 8 

»      10  ft 32,55 

"      28  ft 21 

"      44  ft 27 

"      24  &  16  ft 54,55 

Fastest  Sawing  on  Record 13 

Georgia 28 

Historical  Statement 2 

High  Heads  Method  of  Setting.,15,17,  39 
"         "  "  "        with 

Tube 17,  39 

High  Heads  New  Case 52 

Hurdy-Gurdy  Wheels 52 

Index 2d  page  cover. 

Indiana 21,  29,  30,  33,  43. 

Infringements 38 

Iowa 43 

Illinois 47 

Idaho  Ter 48,  55 

Low  Head  Method 10 

Leffel  Wheel 36 

Minnesota 48  and  cover. 

Massachusetts.^,  11,  21, 27, 31,  46,  cover. 

Method  of  Setting,  Low  Heads 10,  39 

High  Heads....  15,  39 

Michigan 12 

Mill  Gearing .36 

Measurement  of  Water..26,  27,  49,  50,  51 
Maryland 46 


Page. 

Miners'  Measurement.  49 

Miners'  inches  &  cubic  feet  compared... 50 

New  Hampshire 4,  13,  45 

New  York ; 8.  12,  44 

New  Jersey.. 42 

New  Case  for  High  Heads 52 

Overshots  compared. ..'..5,  7,8,  9,  10,12, 

21,  27,  54,  55 

Overshot  replaced, 7, 8, 16,49, 54, 55, 56,cov 

Ohio 9,10,16,28,  45 

Oregon. ...33,  48,  53,  54,  55,  56  <fe  cover. 
Ordering  Wheels 37 

Preface 1 

Price  List 26 

Percentage '. 34 

Pennsylvania 41 

Place  of  Manufacture 53 

Quantity  of  Water  how  found..24,  27,49 

50,  51 

Rhode  Island 45 

Rule  for  getting  the  spouting  velocity  of 

water 50 

Rule  for  measnring  water  by  a  weir.. .5 1 
Rochester  millers cover  3d  page. 

Smith  Paper  Co .'.11 

Step  or  Pivot 35 

Small  Wheels 20,  28,  51 

Size  of  Wheel .: 26 

Square  inches  of  water  of  different  sized 

Wheels 26 

Stout  Mills  and  Temple  Wheel.,29,30,  33 

Special  Notice 27,  37 

Sixty-six  inch  Wheel 36 

Shop,  place  of 53 

Tables  for  horsepower,  Ac. 23, 24, 25, 26, 40 

Tables  explained 22 

Tyler  Wheel 31,  49 

Testimonials  Pacific  Coast. ....49,  53,  54, 
55,  56  and  cover 

Table  for  Weirs 51 

Too  small  Wheels 51 

Ten  inch  Wheel 16,  21 

Vermont 9,  32,  45 

Velocity  of  Water,  Rule  for 50 

Wisconsin 12,  13,  20,  32,  47,  cover. 

Wheels  leave  the  Works  complete 36 

Warrantee 37 

Washington  Territory 48,  54 

Water  measured  by  Weir 51 

Woolen  Factory,  Salem,  Ogn 56 


Entered  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1867,  by 

JAS.  LEFFEL  &  CO., 

in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  thoDist.  Court  of  the  Southern  Districtof  Ohio. 


if 


erngrtrmii  rtv  ffWOl 


PREFACE 


Knowing  by  an  experience  of  over  four  years,  by  the  result  of  trials 
and  tests  without  number  by  ourselves  and  by  millwrights,  millers, 
and  hydraulic  engineers  in  almost  every  State  in  the  Union,  that  we 
making  a  wheel  giving  a  greater  percentage  of  the  power  of  the 
than  any  other  wheel  made  in  the  United  States,  we  desire  to  nioet  the 
demands  of  the  public  ;  and  instead  of  the  incomplete  and  condensed 
circular  hitherto  issued  by  us  we  offer  this  pamphlet,  giyng  full  and 
complete  information  in  regard  to  the  power,  size,  number  of  revolu- 
tions, quantity  of  water  usefd,  manner  of  putting  in,  &c,  #c,  of  our 
justly  celebrated  wheel,  the  "  Leffel  American  Double  Turbine  Wa- 
ter Wheel,"  so  that  any  millwright,  with  the  instructions  jAven  in  this 
pamphlet,  can  easily  and  readily  put  them  in  and  adapt  them  to  any 
circumstances.  *     S 

We  feel  less  hesitation  in  recommending  our  wheels  and^in  asking  the 
attention  of  all  millers,  mill  owners,  and  all  persons  usmg  water  as  a 
motor,  to  the  following  pages,  from  the  fact  that  the  parties  using  our 
wheel  speak  in  higher  terms  and  generally  claim  more  for  them  than 
we  do  ourselves.  f\ 

In  this  pamphlet  we  don't  pretend  to  give  the  reason^  and  explain 
theoretically  why  our  wheel  excels  so  greatly  any  other  known  wheel ; 
if  we  did,  few  would  understand  its  theoretical  advantages.  We  deem 
it  sufficient  to  give  a  description  of  our  wheel,  its  size,  shape,  and  many 
advantages ;  relying  entirely  upon  the  reputation  it  has  made  for  itself, 
and  the  inquiries  of  those  interested  in  water  power,  which  we  hopa 
they  will  make  of  those  who  know  its  great  superiority  by  a  practical 
experience  in  the  use  of  our  wheels ;  that  is,  we  don't  expect  people 
to  purchase  our  wheel  on  account  of  its  theoretical  superiority,  or  from 
our  representations,  but  for  its  actual  superiority  as  demonstrated  by 
the  evidenee  of  practical  business  men,  who  have  in  actual  use  our 
wheels,  and  have  tested  them  alongside  of  other  wheels ;  and  this  evi- 
dence we  wish  you  to  procure  for  yourselves. 

In  the  latter  part  of  this  pamphlet  there  are  a  few  names  of  practical 
business  men,  using  our  wheel,  selected  from  each  State,  so  that  any 
one  can  refer  to  parties  in  their  own  immediate  vicinity  for  evidence. 

If  you  possibly  can,  go  and  see  for  yourself  the  steady,  sturdy, 
thorough  manner  that  the  little  wheel  does  its  work,  with  the  small 
quantity  of  water  it  uses. 


HISTORICAL  STATEMENT. 


The  unparellelod  success  of  the  "  American  Double  Turbine  Water 
Wheel  "  we  deem  a  sufficient  apology  for  giving  here  a  brief  history  of 
the  life  and  labors  of  him  whose  unceasing  efforts  at  last  produced  what 
we  can  truthfully  claim  isthe  best  hydraulic  motor  ever  invented. 

The  subject  of  Hydraulics  was  with  Mr.  Leffel  a  favorite  one,  and  the 

istruction  of  rude  models  of  water  wheels,  and  their  practical  appli- 
to  some  boyish  purpose,  constituted  almost  the  sole  pastime  of 
the  Mjuae  hours  of  his  boyhood.  Like  many  other  inventors  he  was 
left  at  an  curly  age  to  battle  alone  in  life  ;  and  the  peculiar  difficulties 
attending  a  pioneer  life  soon  gave  to  his  mind  that  practical  turn  which 
characterised  him,  and  which  so  peculiarly  fitted  him  for  those  search- 
ing and  careful  experiments  which  alone  can  obtain  in  the  science  of 
Hydraulic 

While  yet  a,  mere  boy  he  undertook  the  erection  of  a  saw  mill,  and, 
without  the  advice  or  assistance  of  any  mechanic,  completed  it.  It 
proved  the  most  efficient  mill  in  that  section  of  the  country.  The  man- 
ner in  which  lie  constructed  the  wheel,  and  the  great  care  he  exercised 
in  admitting  tlie  water  to  it,  at  once  gave  proof  of  an  innate  knowledge 
of  Hydraulics  possessed  by  no  other  mechanic  in  the  country,  even  if  of 
greater  age  arid  experience.  The  complete  success  of  the  undertaking 
at  once  drew^ho  attention  of  other  mill  owners,  and,  notwithstanding 
his  youth,  he  was  beset  on  all  sides  to  re-model  wheels,  which  were  now 
in  comparison  considered  as  inefficient. 

With  the  tact  natural  to  him,  he  soon  detected  the  errors  in  their  con- 
struction,- and  many  a  manufacturer  was  constrained  to  praise  that 
youtjiful  skill,  which,  as  if  by  magic,  transformed  his  hitherto  insuffi- 
cient power  into  a  valuable  and  abundant  one.  Continuing  lor  a  few 
years  to  labor  as  a  millwright,  he  then  engaged  in  the  foundry  and 
machine  business.  With  the  facilities  offered  by  his  new  occupation  he 
began  a  scries  of  experiments  in  Hydraulics,  which  continued  through 
a  period  of  nearly  34  years,  that  for  thoroughness  and  accuracy  perhaps 
never  were  equaled  in  any  department  of  the  arts  or  sciences. 

His  first  efforts  were  directed  to  the  improvement  of  the  re-action 
wheel,  of  which  there  were  a  great  many  different  kinds  in  use  at  that 
time.  Although  he  was  able  to  produce  better  results  than  had  hither- 
to been  obtained  from  that  class  of  wheels,  he  soon  saw  an  inherent  defi- 
ciency in  their  principle  that  would  defy  all  attempts  to  carry  them  be- 
yond a  point  of  efficiency  which  was  far  below  the  standard  of  a  thor- 
oughly economical  wheel.  He  then  abandoned  this  form  of  wheel  and 
directed  his  efforts  to  the  improvement  of  the  Turbine. 


ueea-uit;    tut; 

t  leas<equal 
and  eoiidi- 
with    more 

■k-n  irnn..  '  +1>  ^ 


3 

During  the  pursuit  of  his  regular  busincsH,  he  constructed  some  oithc 
bestmillH  in  the  country,  and  the  performance  of  the  Overshot  Wheel 
which  he  always  employed,  where  economical  ^use  of  water  was  desired, 
was  so  satisfactory  that  he  was  almost  induced  to  believe  it  the  p 
perfect  form  of  wheel  that  could  be  adopted;  yet  however  mueh  he- 
was  pleased  with  its  performance,  there  were  some  objections  to  its  use  ; 
and  with  the  true  spirit  of  an  inventor,  which  discards  any, fixed  form 
or  method  to  accomplish  certain  results,  he  determined  if  it  were  possi- 
ble to  improve  the  Turbine  so  that  it  would  possess  all  the  excellent 
qualities  of  the  Overshot  without  its  defects.  This,  then,  became  the 
great  problem  of  his  life — to  construct  a  Turbine  Wheel  to  atlej^equal 
or  if  possible  to  excel  the  Overshot,  in  all  circumstances 
tions.  Never,  perhaps,  did  a  man  pursue  a  fixed  purpose 
devotion,  patience  and  industry.  Day  after  day,  and  year  after  year,"  the 
study  of  Hydraulics  and  experiments  connected  therewith,  occupied 
his  leisure  hours — and  after  immense  labor  and  expense,  he  saw  but 
little  hope  of  realizing.  Yet  as  the  difficulties  and  discouragements  in- 
creased, he  became  proportionately  more  determined  in  his  purpose, 
which  now  became  the  sole  aim  of  his  life.  Abandoning  all  other  busi- 
ness, he  devoted  his  time  exclusively  to  the  construction  of  different 
forms  of  wheels. 

To  convey  some  idea  of  the  immense  labor  he  performed  in  this  de- 
partment, we  would  say  that  he  constructed  and  experimented  with 
over  one  hundred  different  forms  of  water  wheels.  Among  these  were 
the  Outward  Discharge  or  Forneyron  'Wheel,  the  Jonval  or  Vertical  ' 
Discharge,  and  Center  Vent,  &c.  Each  different  class  underwent  in  his 
hands  numerous  modifications,  both  in  the  construction  of  the  wheel 
and  the  manner  of  admitting  the  water  to  it,  through  various  forms  or 
adjustable  guides  and  scroll. 

It  must  not  be  supposed,  however,  that  among  the  great  number  of 
wheels  he  constructed,  there  were  none  that  proved  to  be  of  much  merit 
— on  the  contrary,  there  were  many  that  yielded  a  very  high  percent- 
age of  the  water,  by  the  usual  mode  of  testing  them,  and  more  than 
once  he  was  led  to  believe,  from  the  splendid  results  of  experimental 
tests,  that  his  long  sought  object  was  obtained.  Yet,  upon  careful  ex- 
periments with  them,  in  practical  operation,  they  failed  to  meet  his 
expectations;  although  their  performance  would  have  been  in  the  high 
est  degree  satisfactory  to  one  of  less  severe  discriminations. 

In  the  course  of  his  large  experience  in  Hydraulics,  he  was  perhaps 
the  first  to  discover  the  important  fact  that  a  wheel  might  yield  a  high 
per  cent,  of  power  in  a  test  trial,  yet  be  totally  unfit  for  the  ordinary 
purpose  of  manufacturing,  which  among  other  causes  is  attributable 
to  the  unsteady  motion,  speed  and  variable  quantity  of  water   used, 


\ 


which  in  practical  operation  are  conditions  unavoidable  and  fatal  al- 
most to  every  Turbine. 

With  the  knowledge  acquired  by  a  ceaseless  toil  of  years  in  this  de- 
partment, and  the  construction  of  almost  every  conceivable  form  of 
water  wheel,  he  at  last  constructed  the  Double  Turbine,  which  received 
the  most  thorough  practical  tests  before  it  was  offered  to  the  public. 

We  ask  not  the  theorist,  with  his  fine  drawn  theories  of  impact  per- 
cussion and  re-action,  but  we  appeal  to  the  practical  manufactures  all 
over  the  country,  who  are  using  them,  and  let  them  decide  how  well 
he  has  succeeded  in  the  great  effort  of  his  life. 


Mr.  H.  C.  Reynolds,  of  Amoskeag  Axe  Factory,  Manchester,  N.  H.,,  desir- 
ous of  purchasing  a  wheel  for  the  Factory,  and  wishing  to  get  the  benefit 
of  the  experience  of  some  responsible  firm  running  one  of  our  wheels, 
wrote  to  Messrs.  Stimpson  &  Co.,  of  Westfield,  Mass.,  for  their  opinion. 

Below  is  their  reply : 

Westfield,  Mass.,  April  30,  1866. 

Mr.  H.  C.  Reynolds,  Agent — Dear  Sir :  In  giving  you  our  opinion  of  the 
Leffel  Water  Wheel,  perhaps  we  shall  bo  so  decided  and  positive  as  to  create 
distrust  in  our  sincerity,  or,  if  you  please,  our  ability  to  judge  or  give  an 
opinion.  But  we  know  them  to  be  the  best  wheels  ever  offered  or  used  in 
the  United  States.  We  are  acquainted  with  over  twenty  different  kinds, 
and  pronounce  these  to  be  superior  in  strength,  durability,  economy  of  wa- 
ter, and  in  every  respect,  to  any  wheel  now  in  use  in  this  conntiy. 

STIMPSON  &  CO. 


Am, 


loskeag  Manufacturing  Company  indorses  the  Leffel  Wheel. 

Manchester,  N.  H.,  August  7th,  1866. 

Mr.  Wm.  Duncan — Dear  Sir:  With  regard  to  the  Leffel  Wheel,  I 
would  say  that  it  is  as  near  perfection  as  we  could  wish  for.  It  runs  very 
steadily,  much  more  so  than  the  old  one.  We  have  all  the  work  on,  and  it 
takes  only  about  7-10  of  the  gate,  and  think  it  will  drive  ninety  horse  pow- 
er with  ease.  I  think,  also,  that  we  can  defy  all  the  leaves  and  anchor  ice 
that  comes  along.  In  fact,  I  have  perfect  confidence  in  the  economy  of  the 
wheel  in  every  particular.  We  are  using — to  do  the  same  work  that  the 
Boyden  Turbine  did — about  three-fourths  the  water.  But  with  both  wheels 
in  equally  good  condition,  I  think  this  would  beat  it  a  little. 

Yours,  H.  C.  REYNOLDS,  Agent  of  Amoskeag  Axe  Co. 

I  have  been  Foreman  of  the  Amoskeag  Axe  Co.  for  the  last  four  years, 
and  have  had  charge  of  their  Water  Wheels.  I  cheerfully  endorse  the  above 
statement  of  Mr.  Reynolds,  and  I  think  the  Leffel  Wheel  to  be  the  best 
wheel  that  I  have  any  knowledge  of,  in  every  particular. 

S.  H.  RANDLETT,  Foreman.  . 

Manchester,  N.  II.,  Sept.  13, 1866. 

Wm.  Duncan,  Esq. — Dear  Sir :  The  Leffel  Wheel  which  was  put  into 
the  Axe  Factory  continues  to  work  in  a  very  satisfactory  manner.  I  have 
written  to  Messrs.  Leffel  &  Co.  to  send  me  a  48  inch  Wheel,  to  replace  a 
Parker  Wheel  we  are  now  using  in  the  Bag  Mill. 

Yours,  very  truly,  E.  A.  STRAW, 

Agent  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company. 


s 


Leflfel  Wheel  in  comparison  with  the  Overshot. 


When  the  class  of  water  wheel  known  as  the  Turbine  was  first  intro- 
duced to  the  public,  they  were  regarded  with  the  greatest  prejudice^ 
and  the  repeated  failures  of  the  first  rude  and  imperfect  wheels  in- 
creased the  distrust — they  only  doing  well  under  low  heads  and  with 
a  flood  of  water. 

However,  the  attention  of  thinking  men  was  early  drawn  to  the  fact 
of  the  imperfections  of  the  Overshot  Wheel,  noted  in  the  latter  part  of 
this  article  :  the  actual  loss  of  head  in  introducing  them,  their  unwiel- 
dy and  unsteady  motion,  the  cumbersome  and  expensive  gearing  re- 
quired, (killing  the  power  by  friction,)  the  great  expense  in  keeping 
them  in  repair,  &c. 

•  Having  decided  that  the  Overshot  was  not  the  most  desirable  wheel 
for  the  miller,  they  also  became  convinced  that  the  Turbine,  from  the 
fact  of  its  utilizing  every  inch  of  the  head  and  fall,  its  small  size,  du- 
rability, steady  motion,  &c,  was  the  wheel,  if  it  could  only  be  construct- 
ed so  that  the  water,  in  passing  through  it,  could  communicate  its  en- 
tire force  to  the  wheel ;  and  for  the  last  forty  years  hydraulic  engi- 
neers, in  all  parts  of  the  country,  have  been  earnestly  devoting  them- 
selves to  the  improvement  of  the  Turbine  wheel :  and,  as  the  result, 
Turbines  constructed  on  various  principles  have  sprung  up  all  over  the 


6 

country — some  acquiring  quite  a  reputation,  and  in  many  instances 
giving  complete  satisfaction  ;  but  they  were  found  to  fall  short  of  the 
Overshot,  when  compared  with  it  under  a  medium  head  of  from  twen- 
ty to  thirty  feet,  (where  the  Overshot  gives  its  maximum  power.) 

The  Leffel  wheel,  in  its  first  trial  with  an  Overshot,  was  against  one 
of  thirty  feet  in  diameter,  in  a  grist  mill,  at  Springfield,  Ohio.  The 
result  was  a  surprise  to  everyone,  and  an  enigma  to  the  old  millwrights 
who  witnessed  it,  thus  giving  a  promise  of  the  reputation  it  ultimately 
gained  by  its  superior  qualities  as  a  motor. 

If  any  one  has  the  faintest  idea  that  he  is  trying  an  experiment, 
when  ordering  our  wheel,  for  any  head  between  three  and  sixty  feet, 
let  him  disabuse  himself  of  that  idea  as  soon  as  possible,  because  that 
day  has  passed  long  since.  We  can  show  him  any  number  of  wheels, 
working  under  every  head  and  fall,  competing  with  the  Overshot  and 
driving  almost  every  variety  of  mill,  in  almost  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  ;  and  what  our  wheel  accomplishes  in  one  mill  it  can  do  in  an- 
other. Our  wheel  is  no  experiment  to  be  tried,  but  stands  a  demon- 
strated success,  and  we  boldly  challenge  any  one  to  produce  its  equal. 
We  know  what  we  are  saying,  for  we  have  the  facts,  and  a  wheel  as 
yet  unrivaled  to  back  us.  There  are  a  great  many  reasons  why  the 
Overshot  never  can  become  a  perfect  motor,  viz.: 

1st — As  the  power  of  the  water  is  its  weight,  many  persons  believe, 
(not  having  their  attention  called  to  it,)  that  in  using  the. Overshot  you 
utilize  the  full  weight  of  the  water.  But  it  is  a  mistake,  as  you  will 
readily  see— /or  you  do  not  get  the  full  benefit  of  your  full  head.  You 
lose  a  head  of  water  equal :  First,  to  half  the  head  on  the  gate.  Sec- 
ond, the  depth  of  the  buckets  on  the  wheel  itself.  Third,  the  space 
below  the  wheel  necessary  to  give  clearance  to  the  discharge. 

In  the  use  of  our  wheel  every  inch  of  head  and  fall  is  utilized. 

2d— The  Overshot  loses  considerable  power  by  the  water  spilling 
from  the  buckets  before  it  has  reached  the  bottom. 

Our  wheel  wastes  no  water — all  of  it  passing  through  the  wheel. 

3d — One  of  the  inherent  defects  of  the  Overshot  appears  when  ap- 
plying the  power  of  the  wheel  to  its  work.      Its  slow  motion  requires 
a  great  amount  of  heavy,  cumbersome  gearing  in  getting  up  the  re- 
quired speed — which  not  only  causes  a   great  loss  of  power,  arising* 
from  so  much  friction,  but  makes  it  expensive  ; 

While  our  wheel,  having  a  very  rapid  motion,  (for  instance,  a  wheel 
20  inches  in  diameter,  under  a  20  feet  head,  giving  22|  horse  power, 
makes  308  revolutions  per  minute,)  requires  very  little  gearing,  and 
that  of  the  simplest  description — gaining  the  power  lost  by  the  heavy, 
cumbersome  gearing  of  the  Overshot,  and  saving  the  heav}^  expense 
connected  therewith. 


4th— The  Overshot  Wheel,  hein^  loaded  with  ice  in  Winter,  and 
standing  empty  in  Summer,  and  from  various  other  causes,  is  serious- 
ly thrown  out  of  balance,  rendering  it  unfit  for  purposes  requiring  a 
steady,  uniform  power ; 

While  our  wheel  (always  running  under  water)  is  never  frozen  up 
or  affected  by  the  frost  in  any  way,  and  is  noted  for  its  steady,  uni- 
form power. 

5th — Our  wheel  always  gives  the  same  percentage  of  the  power  of 
the  water,  whether  under  a  low,  high,  or  medium  head  and  fall;  while 
with  the  Overshot  the  percentage  varies  with  the  head  and  fall. 

<3th — Unless  made  of  iron,  (which  is  very  expensive,)  the  Overshot 
rots  and  decays  in  a  few  years,  causing  a  considerable  expense  in  re- 
pairs, beside  the  trouble  and  loss  of  time  ; 

While  the  universal  experience  of  every  one  using  our  wheel  is  its 
cheapness  in  running,  and  freedom  from  getting  out  of  order. 

7th — Back  water  either  stops  the  Overshot  entirely,  or  clogs  it  so  it 
cannot  be  used  to  any  advantage ; 

While  our  wheel  is  never  in  the  slightest  degree  affected  by  back 
water,  save  in  the  loss  of  head  and  fall. 

The  Leffel  Wheel  taking  the  place  of  the  Overshot  under  tt%  feet  fall. 

Lake  City,  Minn.,  June  16th,  1866. 
Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  From  a  sense  of  duty  to  you,  as  worthy  in- 
ventors, and  to  the  public,  who  have  a  right  to  the  benefits  of  my  experi- 
ence, I  will  subjoin  the  following:  My  wheel,  which  came  to  hand  in  due 
time,  we  succeeded  in  starting  the  last  of  February  in  2  feet  6  inches  of 
backwater ;  this  backwater,  made  by  anchor  ice,  we  had  been  running  our 
overshot  in  up  to  the  time  of  putting  in  the  20  inch  wheel  you  sent  us. 
We  could  grind  only  about  50  or  60  bushels  of  wheat  per  day -with  the  over- 
shot. With  nearly  the  same  backwater  your  wheel  started  up  with  90  and 
100  bushels  per  day.  With  no  backwater,  and  under  the  most  favorable 
circumstances,  we  could  grind  an  average  of  80  bushels  of  wheat  per  day, 
and  run  the  necessary  machinery.  With  your  wheel — circumstances  being 
always  favorable,  owing  to  uniformity,  perfect  simplicity,  and  the  exceed- 
ingly small  amount  of  machinery — with  the  same  water,  and  with  no  more 
time,  we  can  grind  an  average  of  110  to  115  bushels  of  wheat  per  day. — 
Facts,  which  are  better  than  opinions  or  conjectures,  demonstrate  the  supe- 
riority of  your  wheel,  as  I  can  testify  that  it  is  at  least  25  per  cent,  better 
than  the  overshot  which  I  had  in  use  ;  and  my  wheel  was  geared  as  direct 
as  machinery  of  this  kind  could  be  geared,  and,  as  compared  with  other 
mills,  might  be  classed  with  the  best  constructed  overshot  wheel.  It  is  but 
due  your  valuable  wheel  and  its  benefits  to  the  public  that  I  make  these 
statements,  hoping  that  all  others  buying  your  wheel  will  be  as  well  pleased 
and  gratified  with  the  change  as  I  have  been.  The  wheel  is  20  inches  in 
diameter,  and  under  11%  feet  fall.     I  will  subscribe  myself, 

H.  COLLINS. 


8 

The  Leffel  Wheel  gives  perfect  satisfaction  when  taking  the  place  of  the  Breast 
Wheel  under  18  feet  fall. 

Dalton,  Mass.,  Sept.  8, 1866. 
Messrs.  Leffel  &  Co. :  The  40  inch  "  Double  Turbine  "  that  your  agent, 
Mr.  Jones,  put  in  for  me  last  May,  gives  perfect  satisfaction.  I  have  it  un- 
der 18  feet  head,  and  it  is  doing  all  of  70  horse  power,  with  %  drawn  gate. 
It  does  one-third  more  work  than  the  old  Breast  wheel  taken  out,  and  I 
believe  it  to  be  decidedly  more  powerful  than  any  other  iron  wheel  in  use 
hereabouts.  Z.  CRANE,  Jr. 

Read  what  an  old  Overshot  Builder  and  Manufacturer  thinks  about  the  Leffel 

Wheel. 

Northampton,  Mass.,  Jan.  2, 1867. 

James  Leffel  &  Co. :  With  regard  to  the  30  inch  wheel  sent  me  in  July, 
I  can  say  that  it  does  more  than  I  anticipated.  I  have  been  running  two 
Paper  Engines,  Rag  Cutter,  2  Pumps,  Circular  Saw  for  sawing  wood,  for 
nine  or  ten  years,  with  the  water  used  by  Delany  &  Watson,  whose  mill  is 
25  rods  above  me,  and  who  run  just  the  same  machinery,  (except  their  en- 
gines carry  200  lbs.,  while  mine  carry  175  lbs.)  In  low  water,  when  it  does 
not  run  over  their  dam,  which  is  tight,  I  have  had  just  enough — none  to 
spare.  Our  machine  wheels  are  just  alike,  and  use  the  same  amount  of 
water.  Delany  &  Watson  use  17  feet,  4  inch  diameter,  7  feet  buckets. — 
Both  wheels  were  in  good  running  order  as  they  could  be :  were  good 
wheels,  well  geared.  I  put  in  your  wheel  while  the  water  was  low,  and 
found  that  I  had  more  power  than  before,  (I  lowered  my  pit  2  feet,)  and  had 
added  another  engine,  same  size  (200  lbs.)  as  Delany  &  Watson,  and  can  now 
run  all  three  engines  with  the  water  that  run  but  two  with  the  Breast  wheel, 
and  they  run  much  more  steadily.  By  letting  the  rolls  of  the  engine  on  the 
bed  plate  it  would  hold  the  Breast  wheel  so  that  it  would  not  start  at  all. 
I  now  put  down  all  three,  and  with  just  one-half  gate  they  will  start  right 
off.  I  have  built  35  Breast  and  Overshot  wheels,  and  have  set  many  iron 
wheels.  My  sympathy  has  always  been  for  the  Overshot  and  Breast ;  but 
I  have  caved  in  on  them,  and  now  say  I  would  not  exchange  the  wheel  in 
my  mill  for  the  best  Overshot  or  Breast,  if  it  could  be  put  in  for  nothing. 

I  know  of  no  wheel  that  is  its  equal,  and  any  person  who  wishes  to  econ- 
omise in  the  use  of  water  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  use  one  of  your 
wheels.    Truly  yours,  C.  LOUD. 

A  20  inch  Wheel  doing  more  work  than  a  32  feet  Overshot,  with  the  same 

amount  of  water. 

Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  30th,  1865. 
Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  About  a  year  since,  (my  Overshot  wheel 
having  given  out,)  I  was  induced,  through  personal  examination  and  the 
representations  of  reliable  millers  and  millwrights,  to  put  in  your  Double 
Turbine  Wheel.  My  Overshot  wheel  was  one  of  thirty-two  feet  ten  inches 
(32  ft.  10  in.)  diameter,  with  six  feet  buckets,  with  head  and  fall  of  thirty- 
five  (35)  feet,  and  was  replaced  by  two  of  your  twenty  (20)  inch  wheels,! 
under  the  same  head  and  fall.     I  am  satisfied,  after  a  thorough  trial,  that 


my  mill  does  more  work  with  less  water  than  the  Overshot ;  runs  with  a 
steadier  and  stronger  motion,  and  makes  better  work  than  ever.  One  of 
the  wheels  will  run  three  (3)  run  of  stones,  with  necessary  machinery,  with 
less  water  than  used  with  the  old  wheel,  which  is  more  than  was  expected, 
as  I  had  only  intended  it  for  two  run.  The  amount  of  water  used  with 
either  wheel  I  do  not  know,  but  have  certain  means  of  judging  of  the  com- 
parative amounts  by  the  gate  in  my  dam — raising  it  less  now  than  formerly 
for  same  amount  of  work.  The  wheels  have  never  been  frozen  up  a  minute, 
when  the  overshot  wheels  about  me  have  been  frozen  up  for  a  week  at  a 
time.  To  those  wanting  wheels,  I  shall  take  pleasure  in  recommending 
.   vours  as  the  best  I  know  of,  or  can  learn.  Yours,  truly, 

H.   C.  WILLIAMS. 

A  17  Feet  Overshot  taken  out  and  our  Wheel  Considered  the  Best  he  Ever  Saw. 

.  Springfield,  Ohio,  October  10th,  1865. 

Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  This  is  to  certify  that  I  have  put  in  my  saw 

mill  one  of  your  wheels.    The  one  I  had.  before  was  an  Overshot,  in  first 

?    rate  order,  with  which  I  sawed  3,000  feet  per  day.    I  then  tried  one   of  the 

Wirtz  Wheels,  with  which  I  could  saw  1,500  feet.    I  then  put  in  your  wheel 

which  sawed  4,000  feet  of  lumber  in  a  day — each  one   of  the  wheels   using 

the  same  amount  of  water.    I  have  used  it  now  over  a  year  and  a  half,  and 

f    consider  it  far  beyond  any  other  wheel  in  point  of  steadiness  and  conven- 

[    ience  in  running,  and  would  heartily  recommend  it. 

ANDREW  REBERT. 

I    20  Feet  Overshot  Displaced  by  our  15%  inch  Wheel   Driving  Planers,  Circular 

Saws,  &c. 

Middletown,  Vermont,  December  19th,  1865. 
Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  Some  eighteen  months  since  we  ordered  one 
f  of  your  Double  Turbine  water  wheels,  15)^  inches  in  diameter,  and  remov- 
ed from  our  Horse  Power  Manufactory  an   Overshot  wheel,  20  feet  in  di- 
ameter, and  placed  your  wheel  in  its  place,  which  occupies  less  than  one- 
fiftieth  of  the  space  of  the  old  wheel,  giving  us  much  valuable  room  in  two 
stories  of  our  factory,  formerly  occupied  by  the  old  wheel,  which  darkened 
and  spoiled  one  end  of  the  factory,  which  is  now  lighted,  and  the  most  val- 
uable part  of  the  building.    We  are  now  running  two  planers,  three  saws? 
sawing  plank,  two  engine  iron  lathes,  boring  and  drilling  machines,  two 
wood  lathes,  screw  cutters,  mortising  and  tenanting  machines,  grindstones, 
•  &c.    We  seldom  use  one-half  the  capacity  of  the  wheel,  whose  head  and 
fall  is  about  24  feet.     We  are  millwrights  by  trade,  and  have  no  hesitation 
in  saying  that  we  consider  your  wheel  superior  to  any  wheel  within  our 
knowledge,  and  a  great  saving  of  room  and  expense,   over  the  Overshot 
wheels  now  extensively  used  in  this  section,  and  preferable  to  any  of  the 
I  numerous  Turbine  wheels  that  have  come  under  our  observation.    Finally, 
I   will  say  in  point  of  power,  economy  of  water  and  cheapness  of  running, 
I   your  wheel  stands  at  the  head  of  the  class,  putting  all  other  wheels,  that  are 
[  within  our  knowledge,  entirely  in  the  ground. 

Very  respectfully,  A.  W.  GRAY  &  SONS. 


10 

Decided  to  use  the  "  Leffel  American  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheel." 

Springfield,  Ohio,  December  13th,  1865. 
Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  Having  lately  built  a  new  Grist  Mill  on  a 
very  light  stream  of  water,  I  was  compelled  to  be  very  particular  in  the 
kind  of  wheel  I  put  in.  After  a  most  thorough  investigation  into  the  mer- 
its of  different  kinds  of  water  wheels,  I  decided  to  use  "  The  Leffel  Ameri- 
can Double  Turbine  "Water  Wheel,"  as  the  most  economical  in  point  of 
power  I  could  find — and  my  experience  has  fully  justified  my  choice. 
With  the  Leffel  wheel  of  1534  inches  diameter,  with  gate  half  drawn,  under 
30  feet  head  and  fall,  I  find  I  can  grind  13  bushels  per  hour  and  run  all  the 
necessary  machinery  at  the  same  time.  With  gates  full  drawn,  venting  26 
inches  of  water,  I  can  run  one  pair  of  4  feet  burrs  and  one  pair  of  3  feet 
burrs,  grinding  20  bushels  of  wheat  per  hour  and  at  the  same  time  running 
smut  machine,  separator  and  the  entire  machinery  of  the  mill.  For  steady 
power,  convenience  and  durability,  it  far  surpasses  any  wheel  I  have  ever 
seen.  I  would  heartily  recommend  it  for  any  fall,  and  would  say  to  those 
desiring  a  wheel,  they  need  not  fear  the  result  in  the  event  of  a  purchase, 
and  as  evidence  to  the  truth  of  the  above  statement,  I  would  refer  parties 
to  my  mill,  situated  in  Springfield,  Oliio.  C.  THO&PSOJST. 


Explanation  of  Figure  II. 

Figure  II  is  intended  to  show  the  manner  of  putting  the  wheel  in 
under  low  falls.  A  plain  substantial  flume  is  constructed  with  good 
heavy  timbers  and  firm  foundation.  There  should  be  sufficient  space, 
depth  and  width  between  the  bottom  of  flume  and  floor  of  tail  race  to 
let  the  water  pass  out  from  beneath  the  flume  without  obstruction.    The 


11 

floor  of  flume  should  bo  of  heavy  plank,  to  give  sufficient  firmness  to 
support  the  weight  of  water  and  wheel.  In  the  floor  of  the  flume 
there  should  be  a  hole  cut  of  a  size  to  admit  the  cylinder  of  wheel  cas- 
ing, which  will  pass  through  the  floor  of  flume,  the  wheel  thus  resting 
upon  the  floor  by  the  flange  of  the  casing.  It  does  not  require  any- 
thing to  fix  it  to  its  place,  as  the  weight  of  the  water  and  wheel  will 
hold  it  firmly  in  its  position. 

'  The  flume  should  always  be  made  in  every  case  large  enough  so  that 
the  wheel  in  no  place  will  come  nearer  than  one  half  its  diameter  to 
the  side  of  the  flume.  The  floor  of  flume  should  come  near  enough  to 
the  surface  of  standing  tail  water,  so  that  the  end  of  the  cylinder  of 
wheel  casing  that  projects  through  will  dip  two  inches  or  more  below 
the  surface  of  the  water.  A  pit  of  good  depth  should  always  be  dug 
underneath  the  flume  to  prevent  the  water  from  reacting  upon  the 
wheel.  No  particular  style  of  flume  is  needed.  It  can  be  constructed 
to  suit  the  peculiarities  of  the  location.  The  only  point  to  be  observed 
is  to  have  it  strong  enough  and  of  sufficient  capacity  to  let  the 
water  to  the  wheel  without  obstruction. 

In  Figure  II  "  A"  is  the  crown  plate  of  wheel  casing  :  "K"  is  the 
cylinder  of  casing  prejecting  below  the  floor  :  "  M  "  the  depth  below 
end  of  cylinder  and  bottom  of  pit,  which  should  be  from  two  to  three 
feet  deep  :  "  H  "  shows  one  of  the  guides  of  the  wheel*,  of  which 
there  are  twelve  around  the  circumference  of  the  wheel :  "D"  is  the 
bush  containing  wooden  followers,  which  can  be  adjusted  to  the  upper 
end  of  wheel  shaft.  The  coupling  that  connects  the  wheel  shaft  to  an- 
other shaft  is  shown  detached.  "  B  "  is  the  gate  rod  for  opening  and 
closing  the  gates  of  the  wheel,  which  can  be  done  with  ease  and  accu- 
racy. 


What  a  Prominent  Manufacturing  Company  thinks  of  our  Wheel. 

Smith  Taper  Co.,  Lee,  Mass.,  Jan.  2,  1867. 
James  Leffel  &  Co.:  Yours  of  the  21st  ult.  is  at  hand.  In  reply  we 
would  say  that  we  have  used  a  great  variety  of  iron  wheels  in  our  differ- 
ent mills,  (viz. :  "  Jagger,"  "Parker,"  "Tyler,"  and  "Eeynolds,")  but  after 
using  one  of  yours,  purchased  through  your  agent,  E.  D.  Jones,  Esq.,  were 
so  well  satisfied  with  its  superiority  over  the  other  wheels,  in  durability 
and  economy  iu  the  use  of  water,  both  with  full  and  partially  closed  gates, 
that  we  ordered  more  of  them,  and  have  now  running  in  our 
Columbia  Mill,  1  48  inch  wheel,  under  14  feet  head. 


u 

a 

2  40 

a 

a 

it     u 

u 

a 

135 

a 

u 

"       14 

u 

n 

120 

a 

u 

«       14 

Housatonic 

c< 

148 

a 

(( 

8 

Union 

a 

148 

a 

it 

"        9, 

12 

Valley  Mill,        1  48  inch  wheel,  under  8K  feet  head. 
u        a  256     «        «  «        g^«        « 

u  u  130      u  a  (i  g>£"  " 

You  are  at  lberty  to  make  such  use  of  this  information  as  you  may  deem 
best.  SMITH  PAPER  COMPANY. 

The  Leffel  Wheel  against  new  Breast  Wheel. 
Genesee  Codnty  Mills,  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  29th,  1866. 

Messrs.  Leffel  &  Co. :  We  have  a  four  run  flour  mill,  with  7  feet  10  inch- 
es head,  Last  September  we  put  in  one  of  your  48  inch  wheels  in  the 
place  of  a  Breast  wheel,  and  we  can  say,  without  hesitation,  it  is  the  best 
wheel  out.  We  have  tried  it  in  low  and  in  high  water  with  equal  success. 
Our  miller  drove  three  run  and  the  machinery  one  day  with  it.  Perhaps 
it  will  be  well  for  us  to  explain  a  little.  We  have  a  mill  with  five  run, 
four  run  ±%  feet,  and  one  30  inches.  We  have  your  wheel  and  the  Breast 
wheel  in  the  same  flume,  and  we  can  gear  the  whole  mill  together,  or  run 
any  part  of  the  mill,  with  either  wheel  or  both.  So  you  see  it  is  a  fair  test. 
One  day,  when  the  water  did  not  run  over  the  dam,  we  put  on  two  run 
and  all  the  water  on  the  iron  wheel,  and  measured  the  water  in  the  tail 
race.  Then,  without  altering  the  feed  on  the  stone,  shut  the  water  off  the 
iron  wheel  and  put  it  on  the  Breast  wheel,  and  measured  the  water  again, 
and  found  it  1%  inches  deep  by  25  feet  wide  less  with  the  iron  wheel  than 
with  the  Breast  wheel. 

We  have  as  good  a  Breast  wheel  as  was  ever  made,  but  when  it  gets  worn 
out  it  will  never  be  repaired,  as  one  of  Leffel  &  Co.'s  wheels  will  take  its 
place.  You  can  publish  as  much  as  you  please  of  the  above ;  or,  if  any 
one  chooses  to  ask  questions,  or  see  the  wheel  work,  they  can,  at  any  time 
they  choose,  come  to  the  Genesee  County  Mills,  Batavia,  New  York. 

Yours,  JAMISON  &  PIERSON. 

"  Can't  express  the  satisfaction  it  gives." 

Mazo  M aerie,  Wis.,  Jan.  7th,  1867. 
James  Leffel  &  Co. :  Yours  of  the  26th  ult.  received,  and  contents  noted. 
Would  say  that  I  cannot  express  in  writing  the  entire  satisfaction  your 
wheel  has  given  me.  I  am  no  hand  at  writing  certificates.  lam  perfectly 
satisfied  your  wheel  is  the  best  wheel  now  in  use,  and  I  very  much  doubt 
whether  it  ever  will  be  surpassed  in  all  its  points.  The  wheel  I  have  is  a 
56  inch  wheel.    Truly  yours,  W.  E.  BO  WE. 

Portland,  Ionia  Co.,  Mich.,  Dec.  28,  1866. 
Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  We  have  one  of  your  40  inch  Double  Tur- 
bine Water  Wheels  in  our  mill,  attached  to  a  four  feet  burr  stone,  with 
which  we  can  grind  20  bushels  of  wheat  per  hour  under  an  8  feet  head. 

NEWMAN  SATTERLEE  &  CO. 
R.  N.  STEELE,  First  Miller. 

What  an  old  Miller  thiuks. 

Honeoye,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  7th,  1867. 
I  have  just  got  my  mill  in  full  operation.     It  astonishes  all  who  see  it, 


I 


la 

and  there  have  been  hundreds  here  for  that  purpose.  The  day  we  started 
it  there  was  quite  a  number  in— so  many  that  we  could  hardly  get  through 
them  to  tend  the  mill.  We  had  in  several  grists  of  two  bushels  each,  and 
every  ten  minutes  we  ground  one.  "Wo  ground  all  the  afternoon,  and  we 
never  went  over  eleven  minutes  to  any  of  them.  With  our  old  wheel  we 
could  grind  only  four  bushels  per  hour,  and  not  always  as  much  as  thafc — 
say  three  bushels  per  hour.  Finally,  it  does  all  and  more  than  we  ever  ex- 
pected it  could  do.  The  man  who  put  in  my  last  two  wheels  thinks  there 
never  ^as  any  wheel  that  would  beat  these.  The  wheels  are  all  in  full  op- 
eration, earning  lots  of  money,  and  I  have  all  I  can  do  to  look  after  them. 
I  took  out  two  center  discharge  wheels,  which  were  geared  together,  which 
took  about  600  inches  o#  water,  and  ground  not  over  four  bushels  per  hour, 
and  now  I  have  two  40  inch  wheels  under  6  feet  head  and  fall,  and  draw 
about  half  the  water  they  call  for,  and  grind  about  three  times  as  much. 
Yours,  in  haste,  DANIEL  PHELPS. 

"  Fully  up  to  the  recommendation." 

Wecedah,  Wis.,  Jan.  16th,  1867. 
Gentlemen  :  We  have  two  of  your  Leffel  Wheels  in  use — one  30>£  inch- 
es, and  one  40  inches.  Our  head  is  8  feet.  They  have  been  in  use  from 
one  to  two  months.  With  the  30)^  inch  wheel  we  drive  Power  Lathe, 
Wood  Lathe,  Jigger  Saw,  Corn  Sheller,  Smut  Mill  and  Elevators.  With 
the  40  inch  wheel  we  drive  one  set  43  inch  burr  stones,  and  one  set  32  inch 
do.,  elevators  and  bolts.  We  have  not  yet  used  more  than  %  of  the  water, 
running  both  stones,  and  grinding  8  to  10  bushels  of  wheat  and  16  bushels 
of  feed  (corn  and  oats)  per  hour.  We  think  the  wheels  fully  up  to  the  rec- 
ommendation. We  formerly  used  a  Parker  wheel,  used  350  to  400  inches 
of  water,  and  had  about  %  the  power  of  this  40  inch  wheel,  which  uses 
only  180  inches.    Yours,  &c,  T.  WESTEN  &  CO. 

G.  W.  BAILEY  &  CO. 

Fastest  Sawing  on  record  done  by  the  Leffel  Wheel. 

The  following  statement  appeared  in  some  of  the  newspapers  in  New 
England,  one  of  which  was  sent  to  us.  The  wheel  is  48  inches  in  diam- 
eter, running  under  12  feet  head.  It  was  put  in  by  William  Duncan,  our 
agent  at  Lebanon,  N.  H.  The  wheel  was  put  in  Henry  Weeks'  saw  mill  in 
Warren,  N.  H. : 

"  Our  correspondent  says  :  'I  started  the  mill  about  one  week  ago,  have 
run  it  more  or  less  every  day  since,  but  have  not  experimented  much  yet 
with  it,  as  I  have  not  had  time.  Have  tried  it  enough  to  confirm  my  belief 
that  the  wheel  cannot  be  beaten  by  any  wheel  in  the  world.  I  challeng e 
any  mill  on  the  face  of  this  earth  to  saw  more  lumber  in  the  same  length 
of  time  with  the  same  facilities  than  can  be  cut  in  this  mill,  because  we 
have  the  power  to  drive  the  saw  up  to  its  utmost  capacity.  I  told  the  boys 
last  Saturday  noon  that  I  wanted  to  try  for  one  hour  and  see  how  much 
we  could  saw,  and  at  twelve  minutes  past  four  I  told  them  I  was  ready  for 
the  trial ;  and  in  sixty  minutes  we  sawed,  on  one  big  circular  saw,  4,517 
feet  of  lumber.      We  took  the  trees  in  the  pond  without  selecting,  drew 


11 

them  into  the  mil],  cut  them  up  into  logs  12  feet  long,  with  a  drag  saw, 
and  cut  up  slabs  20  inches  long  and  loaded  them  into  the  slab  car,  ran  the 
lumber  out  of  the  mill  on  to  platform  ready  to  load  on  to  car — the  three 
saws  and  drawing  in  all  driven  by  this  one  wheel,  and  all  done  in  the  six- 
ty minutes.  Beat  that,  and  I  will  try  once  more— for  I  know  that  we  can 
even  beat  that  on  the  second  trial.  The  logs  were  only  12  feet  long,  and 
some  of  them  only  six  and  eight  feet  long,  and  just  an  ordinary  lot  of  hem- 
lock logs.  Had  they  been  16  feet  long  we  would  have  gone  over  5,000  feet 
in  the  same  length  of  time  with  the  same  ease.  We  had  12  feet  head  and 
a  fractional  gate — say  about  three-fourths.  The  logs  were  sawed  as  fol- 
lows, viz. :  about  one  thousand  feet  of  boards,  three  thousand  feet  of  four 
inch  plank,  and  the  remainder  in  2%  inch  plank.      % 

JONATHAN  STANYON,  Millwright.'" 

The  above  statement  being  disputed  by  millwrights  and  sawyers,  we 
wrote  to  Mr.  "Weeks  (fearing  there  might  be  some  mistake)  concerning  the 
statement,  as  we  did  not  want  to  publish  anything  of  which  there  was  the 
slightest  doubt.  The  following  is  the  reply  of  Mr.  Weeks,  the  owner  of 
the  mill : 

Warren,  N.  II.,  Dec.  26, 1866. 

Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  Yours  of  the  20th  is  received  and  contents 
noted,  and  in  reply  would  say  that  I  made  a  statement  and  sent  it  to  Mr. 
Wm.  Duncan  the  24th.  He  wanted  i*  to  send  you  a  copy,  which  I  presume 
is  on  the  way  ere  this,  therefore  I  will  not  send  you  the  statement.  The 
qnantity  of  lumber  was  sawed,  and  the  statement  you  have  seen  was  made 
by  my  millwright.  Had  I  considered  at  the  time  that  the  work  was  of  so 
much  importance,  I  should  have  had  it  surveyed  by  some  one  not  in  my 
employ.  The  planks  I  got  to  order,  and  they  held  out  our  measure  ;  and 
there  could  not  have  been  an  error  in  the  boards  and  %%  inch  plank.  I 
talked  with  my  sawman  after  I  received  your  letter  last  evening,  and  he 
says  if  any  man  doubts  the  statement,  and  will  come  here  in  the  Spring 
after  the  fros  t  gets  out  of  the  logs,  he  will  try  another  hour,  and  if  he 
does  not  saw  5,000  feet,  he  will  pay  all  expense  for  their  time  and  travel- 
ing expenses.  I  have  seen  a  great  many  mills,  but  I  have  never  seen  a 
mill  so  well  situated  for  getting  the  logs  on  the  carriage,  and  the  lumber 
from  the  mill.  We  had  several  logs  on  the  deck  before  starting  up,  or  we 
could  not  have  kept  the  saw  at  work.  My  old  mill  had  the  name  of  being 
the  best  mill  in  New  Hampshire.  .In  April  last,  a  lumber  dealer  from 
Lowell,  who  had  seen  many  of  the  best  mills  about  the  country,  said  he 
'  had  seen  many  mills,  but  had  never  seen  a  saw  mill  before  he  saw  Weeks' 
Mills."  Now,  with  my  new  mill  and  your  wheel,  we  can  saw  twice  as 
fastms  we  could  before.  My  old  mill  ran  twelve  years,  and  we  had  close 
work,  on  account  of  low  water,  to  saw  out  one  million.  This  Winter  I 
contracted  for  two  millions,  for  I  know  we  can  do  double  what  we  used 
to  with  the  old  wheels.  To  driving  the  same  saws  and  "drawiug-in 
works,"  I  had  three  wheels,  drawing  good  800  inches  water,  and  now  we 
use  259  inches  water,  and  can  do  twice  the  work,  because  we  have  more 
power. 

Yours,  very  truly,  HENRY  W.  WEEKS. 


15 


Explanation  of  Figure  III. 

There  are  some  mills,  particularly  flouring  and  saw  mills,  that  are 
so  situated  with  reference  to  flume,  that  it  is  difficult  to  pass  the  wheel 
shaft  above  the  surface  of  the  water.  This  happens  where  the  water 
(as  it  frequently  is)  is  on  a  level  with  the  second  or  third  story  of  the 
mill,  and  the  machinery  operated  on  the  first  floor.  In  this  case  the 
wheel  can  be  put  in  as  shown  in  the  plate.  In  addition  to  the  ordinary 
perpendicular  portion  of  flume  or  penstock  there  is  a  horizontal  sec- 
tion of  flume  built  in  which  the  wheel  is  placed.  The  shaft  that  is  at- 
taohed  to  wheel  shaft  passes  out  of  the  top  or  deck  of  this  section  of 
flume,  and  around  this  shaft  is  placed  a  stuffing  box  to  prevent  leakage 
of  water  abound  the  shaft.  The  power  can  then  be  taken  off  by  bevel 
or  spur  gears  as  shown.  The  advantage  of  this  method  of  putting  the 
wheels  in  is  that  the  power  can  be  brought  near  to  the  point  where  the 
work  is  to  be  done,  otherwise  it  would  have  to  be  brought  through  a 
long  train  of  gears  and  shafting,  which  of  course  would  tend  much  to 
lessen  the  useful  effect  of  the  wheel. 

As  the  value  of  any  mill  depends  mainly  upon  the  power  to  propel  it, 
we  would  say  conform  the  machinery  if  possible  to  the  wheel,  and  not 


16 

the  wheel  to  the  machinery,  as  is  too  frequent  done.  Bring  the  work 
as  near  the  wheel  as  possible,  and  avoid  too  great  length  of  shafting 
and  complication  of  gearing.  In  building  this  style  of  fludie  we  can- 
not too  much  impress  the  necessity  of  having  strong  heavy  timbers 
and  plank,  which  should  also  be  fitted  closely.  The  gate  rod  also  pass- 
es out  of  the  decking,  axound  which  is  also  a  stuffing  box.  "We  also 
have  a  cast  iron  case  fitted  with  stuffing  box  for  shaft  and  gate  stem,  to 
be  attached  to  pipe  for  heads  varying  from  40  to  500  feet  fall. 

In  the  plate,  "  O  "  represents  the  stuffing  box  around  wheel  shaft — 
u  P  "  stuffing  box  around  gate  rod — "  B  "  gate  rod  for  opening  and 
closing  the  gates — "  C"  perpendicular  portion  of  flume  or  penstock — 
"  M  "  depth  of  pit  below  end  of  cylinder  of  wheel  casing — "  T  "  top  or 
decking  of  horizontal  section  of  flume.  This  section  of  flume  may  be 
carried  much  further  than  is  represented.  The  top  or  deck  should  al- 
ways be  high  enough,  so  that  the  coupling  on  wheel  shaft  will  come 
under  the  deck.  It  is  wrong  to  deck  around  the  sleeve  or  bush  of  the  wheel. 
Eemember  the  coupling  on  wheel  comes  below  the  deck,  and  the  stuff- 
ing box  goes  around  the  portion  of  shaft  above  the  coupling. 

Read  what  a  Wheel  only  ten  inches  in  diameter  can  do  in  a  Flour  Mill. 

West  Milton,  Miami  Co.,  O.,  Nov.  12,  1866. 

Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  We  have  been  running  one  of  your  Amer- 
ican Double  Turbine  Water  Wheels  of  only  ten  inches  in  diameter,  which 
we  set  in  place  of  two  Overshot  wheels,  one  of  twenty-six  feet  diameter, 
and  the  other  of  twenty  feet  diameter.  We  now  run  the  little  ten  inch 
wheel  under  fifty-six  feet  head  and  fall,  and  are  able  to  do  fully  one-half 
more  work  with  the  same  amount  of  water  than  we  could  do  with  the 
Overshot.  We  have  never  used  full  gates  on  the  wheel.  With  one-half 
gates  we  have  run  two  run  of  burrs,  and  ground  ten  bushels  per  hour ;  and 
we  will  not  hesitate  in  saying  that  we  can  run  three  run  of  stone,  and  grind 
fifteen  bushels  per  hour,  and  run  all  the  necessary  machinery  at  the  same 
time ;  and  for  steady  power  we  have  never  seen  any  wheel  to  equal  the 
one  we  now  use  :  in  short,  we  think  if  they  are  put  in  right  they  will  sur- 
pass any  other  wheel,  and  from  the  experience  we  have  had,  we  think  the 
wheel  is  very  durable.  Any  person  doubting  this  statement  can  come  to 
the  well  known  Cedar  Branch  Mill,  situated  in  Miami  County,  Ohio,  for 
further  information.  D.  &  J.  WEIMER. 

P.  S. — Since  I  have  written  the  above,  I  have  tried  the  third  run  of  burrs, 
and  have  ground  with  two-thirds  gates,  fifteen  "bushels  per  hour,  and  run 
all  the  machinery  at  the  same  time.  We  have  run  these  three  pairs  of  large 
burrs  day  after  day,  and  have  no  trouble  to  run  them  strong  with  the  gates 
two-thirds  open.  We  know  this  may  seem  to  others  as  extraordinary 
work  for  so  small  a  wheel,  and  we  are  literally  astonished  ourselves  at  the 
results  of  the  little  wheel,  nor  could  we  be  induced  to  believe  that  a  wheel 
of  that  size  would  do  the  work  stated,  had  we  not  made  the  trial  ourselves 
for  weeks  together.  I>.  &  J.  W. 


17    (M*Ar/&t*¥T> 

Draft  Tube-  Explanation  of  Figure  IV. " 


In  adapting  wheels  to  very 
high  falls,  it  sometimes  becomes 
desirable,  in  order  to  avoid  ex- 
treme length  of  shaft  on  wheel 
and  also  to  otherwise  conform  it 
to  the  peculiar  location  of  the 
mill,  to  place  the  wheel  at  a  dis- 
tance above  tail  water,  and  con- 
duct  the  water  away  from  the 
wheel  by  an  air-tight  tube,  called 
a  draft  tube.  We  present  on 
this  page  a  cut  of  a  wheel  thus 
arranged. 

Now,  while,  theoretically,  a 
wheel  will  do  just  as  much  work 
with  the  same  quantity  of  water 
when  using  a  draft  tube ;  yet 
practically,  the  '  difficulties  of 
making  a  draft  tube  perfectly 
air  tight — which  must  be  done 
to  avoid  waste  of  power — are  so 
great,  that  we  advise  the  use  of 
a  draft  tube  of  "great  length 
only  in  cases  where  it  cannot  well 
be  avoided. 

There  cannot  be,  ordinarily, 
any  objection  to  the  use  of  a 
draft  tube  not  to  exceed  ten  feet 
in  length,  as  within  that  limit, 
by  good  "workmanship  and  pro- 
per material,  a  tube  can  be  con- 
structed both  air-tight  and  dur- 
able. Yet,  as  inexperience  in 
this  matter  might  lead  to  mis- 
takes which  would  tend  to 
greatly  diminish  the  power  of 
the  wheel,  we  would  here  state 
as  a  rule  we  would  advise  the 
wheel  to  be  placed  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  fall. 

When  the  draft  tube  exceg-ds 
ten  feet  in  length,  and  particu- 


18 

larly  when  used  for  small  wheels,  it  should  be  made  of  boiler  iron,  as 
our  experience  has  taught  us  that  when  the  tube  is  of  great  length,  a 
wooden  tube  cannot  be  relied  on  as  either  air-tight  or  durable. 

In  constructing  wooden  tubes,  the  staves  should  be  of  any  soft  wood, 
and  from  two  to  two  and  a  half  inches  thick.  They  should  taper  so  as, 
when  put  together,  the  tube  will  be  somewhat  larger  at  one  end,  which 
we  call  the  drift.  The  drift  in  the  tube  should  be  about  one-quarter  of 
an  inch  to  the  foot.  The  object  in  having  the  tube  larger  at  one  end 
is,  that  the  iron  rings  may  be  driven  tightly  on  the  tube.  The  ringB 
may  be  two  inches  wide  and  one  quarter  of  an  inch  thick,  and  should 
be  placed  from  twenty  inches  to  two  feet  apart.  "When  the  tube  is  com- 
pleted and  made  as  tight  as  possible,  then  a  hole  should  be  cut  through 
the  floor  "F"  of  flume;  the  end  of  the  tube  is  passed  through,  and 
should  project  above  the  floor  of  the  flume  six  inches,  as  at  "  I."  The 
tube  must  be  made  of  sufficient  diameter  inside  to  freely  admit  the 
cylinder  of  wheel  casing.  The  flange  of  wheel  casing  will  thus  rest  on 
top  of  the  tube,  which  should  be  planed  off  smooth  and  even,  thus  af- 
fording a  firm  support  for  the  wheel.  For  small  wheels,  there  is  no 
other  support  required — it  will  be  sufficient  to  place  the  wheel  in  the 
open  end  of  the  tube,  which  should  be  securely  spiked  td  the  frame  of 
the  flume ;  but  for  wheels  of  large  diameter,  we  think  it  is  best  not  to 
trust  to  the  tube  alone  for  support.  In  this  case,  we  would  suggest  that  a 
plank  of  proper  thickness  be  fitted  around  the  tube,  thus  causing  the 
wheel  to  rest  partly  on  the  end  of  draft  tube  and  partly  on  the  floor, 
thus  making  a  more  general  distribution  of  the  weight  of  the  wheels 
and  the  column  of  water  on  the  wheel. 

Explanation  of  Plate. 

"  C  "  represents  the  inside  of  flume  :  "  K,"  the  coupling  by  which 
shafting  is  attached  to  wheel  shaft :  "  F,"  floor  of  flume  which  should 
be  made  of  strong,  heavy  plank  :  "I,"  end  of  draft  tube,  which  should 
project  above  the  floor  of  the  flume  six  inches,  in  the  end  of  which  the 
cylinder  of  wheel  is  inserted  :  "  B,"  the  gate  rod  for  opening  and  clos- 
ing the  gates,  which  can  be  conducted  to  any  convenient  point  in  the 
mill,  on  the  end  of  which  is  a  hand  wheel.  We  wish  here  to  caution 
parties  not  to  increase  the  leverage  on  this  rod,  as  there  is  in  the  me- 
chanical arrangement  of  the  ^heel  sufficient  leverage,  so  that  the  gates 
can  be  opened  and  closed  with  ease  and  rapidity,  even  under  very  high 
falls.  The  rod  is  intended  to  make  three-quarters  of  a  revolution  to 
open  or  close  the  gates,  and  the  leverage  should  not  be  increased  so 
that  the  rod  makes  over  one  revolution  to  open  or  close  the  wheel. 
We  wish  this  to  be  remembered  when  arranging  to  attach  the  gate  rod. 
We  would  also,  in  this  connection  renew  our  caution  to  give  gooddepth 
of  pit  below  end  of  draft  tube  for  free  discharge  of  water.     The  end  of 


19 

draft  tube  should  dip  two  or  three  inches  below  surface  of  standing  tail 
water,  and  there  should  bo  a  distance  of  two  or  three  feet  from  the  end 
of  the  tube  to  bottom  of  pit  below  end  of  draft  tube.  "  E  "  represents 
draft  tube  :  "  M,"  depth  of  water  in  pit  below  draft  tube. 

Double  Wheel. 

"We  wish  to  make  a  few  explanations  in  regard  to  the  feature  in  our 
wheel  we  characterize  as  a  Double  Wheel — as  many  have  been  led  to 
erroneously  believe  it  is  in  its  compound  form  similar  to  many  other 
double  wheels,  in  which  the  water  discharged  from  one  set  of  buckets 
is  made  to  operate  on  a  second  set,  with  the  idea  of  more  effectually 
securing  a  maximum  effect  of  the  water.  It  is  not  our  object  to  discuss 
or  point  out  the  obvious  objections  to  the  arrangement  of  that  form  of 
wheel,  as  it  is  now  universally  considered  to  be  essentially  wrong  in 
principle.. 

But  our  object  is  here  to  explain  the  construction  of  our  wheel  suffi- 
ciently to  prevent  its  .being  confounded  with  the  class  of  double  wheels 
mentioned.  In  our  wheel  there  is  a  combination  of  two  independent 
sets  of  buckets — one  having  a  center  and  the  other  a  vertical  discharge, 
and  each  receiving  independent  of  the  other,  its  proper  quantity  of 
water  from  the  same  guides. 

As  one  set  of  buckets  is  placed  immediately  under  the  other,  a  com- 
bination is  thus  effected  without  increasing  the  diameter  of  the  wheel. 
By  this  arrangement  there  is  admitted  the  greatest  possible  volume  of 
water  to  a  wheel  of  any  given  size,  and  at  the  same  time  securing  the 
greatest  area  for  escape  of  water :  thus  reducing  the  surface  in  the 
wheel  as  compared  to  the  quantity  of  water  used,  to  the  smallest  com- 
pass, thereby  avoiding  a  great  loss  by  friction,  an  element  which  serves 
to  diminish  the  effective  power  of  a  wheel. 

To  those  understanding  the  necessity  of  reducing  the  frictional  sur- 
face in  a  wheel  to  a  minimum,  the  value  of  this  arrangement  is  appa- 
rent, and  the  results  obtained  will  fully  justify  us  in  attaching  to  it  the 
importance  we  do. 

Durability  and  Simplicity  of  the  LefFel  Wheel. 

Our  wheel,  simple  in  its  construction  and  being  made  either  of  iron 
or  brass,  is  very  durable — special  attention  being  paid  so  as  to  secure 
this  last  quality,  and  although  there  are  twelve  gates  they  are  opened 
and  closed  by  an  arrangement  so  simple  as  to  almost  preclude  any  lia- 
bility of  getting  out  of  order. 

Eival  wheel  builders  who  are  obliged  to  admit  the  superior  qualities 
of  the  Leffel  Wheel,  try  to  damage  its  reputation  by  the  cry  of  "It  is 
too  complicated."  "It  won't  last  long."  If  that  were  true,  it  is  a  lit- 
tle singular  that  we  have  never  heard  a  single  complaint  on  that  point, 


20 

from  any  one  of  the  purchasers  of  the  vast  number  of  wheels  already- 
sold.  We  appeal  to  any  one  of  our  numerous  patrons,  scattered  all  over 
the  United  States. 

Small  Wheels. 

As  the  severest  test  a  Turbine  Wheel  can  possibly  be  put  to,  is  to  take 
the  place  of  an  Overshot  Wheel  under  very  high  falls,  and  with  an  ex- 
tremely limited  supply  of  water,  such  as  is  afforded  by  a  few  springs 
only,  it  certainly  can  be  claimed  for  the  wheel  that  will  succeed  under 
those  circumstances,  that  it  is  the  very  best  wheel  that  can  be  con- 
structed. 

We  therefore  invite  special  attention  to  the  following  statements  from 
practical  Millers  and  Millwrights,  who  have  had  years  of  experience 
with  Overshot  Wheels,  under  high  falls  and  small  quantities  of  water — 
just  the  circumstances  under  which  it  has  formerly  been  considered 
impossible  for  any  Turbine  to  successfully  compete  with  an  Overshot, 
and  we  think  it  not  too  much  to  say  that  the  Leffel  Wheel  is  the  only 
wheel  that  can  achieve  such  results  under  such  conditions.  But  severe 
as  is  this  test,  the  Leffel  Wheel  not  only  has  proved  equal  but  superior 
in  every  respect  to  the  Overshot,  and  it  will  also  be  observed  that  not- 
withstanding the  high  degree  of  economy  demanded  in  the  use  of  so 
small  a  quantity  of  water,  not  one  of  the  wheels  are  using  full  drawn 
gates.  In  fact  some  are  operating  with  gates  only  one-quarter  open;  thus 
proving,  beyond  a  doubt,  the  highest  degree  of  economy  in  our  wheel 
with  partial  gates. 

•  Another  fact,  that  cannot  escape  attention,  is  the  immense  power 
produced  by  such  small  wheels.  We  claim  this  as  a  feature  peculiar 
to  the  Leffel  Wheel,  and  we  have  found  by  careful  comparison  with 
other  wheels,  that  we  can  produce  a  far  greater  power  from  the  same 
sized  wheel  than  any  other  wheel  in  use ;  thus  enablingus  to  use  a  much 
smaller  wheel  for  any  purpose  than  can  be  used  by  any  other  form  of 
wheel. 

Aside  from  a  small  wheel  costing  less,  occupying  a  smaller  space, 
lessening  the  cost  of  flume,  &c,  it  is  not  necessary  to  mention  the  many 
other  advantages  of  using  a  wheel  in  which  the  greatest  possible  pow- 
er is  condensed  in  a  small  diameter,  rather  than  to  employ  much  larger 
and  cumbersome  wheels  of  other  styles  which  it  would  be  necessary  to 
employ  in  order  to  produce  the  same  power. 


"  It  runs  up  to  the  table." 

Black  Earth,  Wis.,  Jan.  12,  1867. 
Gentlemen :  The  48  inch  Leffel  wheel  is  the  best  I  have  ever  had  in  use. 
Under  the  8  feet  head  and  fall  I  have,  it  drives  all  my  flouring  bolts  and 
machinery,  with  a  pair  of  four  feet  stones,  grinding  from  14  to  16  bushels 
of  wheat  per  hour.  It  runs  up  to  the  table  better  than  I  ever  had  wheels 
do  before.    Respectfully,  JOHN  WALL. 


21 

A  Ten  Inch  Wheel  in  a  Saw  Mill. 

Adams,  Mass.,  Jan.  4th,  1866. 

Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  I  have  just  started  the  little  ten  inch  wheel 
under  16)^  feet  head,  and  have  belted  on  to  a  16  inch  circular  saw,  7  inch 
saw,  pulley  3  inches,  belt  very  tight.  Saw  runs  1,C00  or  more  revolutions 
per  minute.  With  half  gate  I  can  saw  more  than  the  majority  of  shop 
saws,  and  with  full  gate  can  put  the  saw  through  the  hardest  seasoned  six 
inch  timber,  either  endwise,  crosswise  or  corner  wise.  If  by  hard  pressure 
I  stop  the  saw,  the  wheel  knows  nothing  of  it.  Its  motion  is  onward  :  it 
requires  a  larger  belt  to  test  the  power. 

On  account  of  its  more  uniform  speed  it  is  worth  for  my  light  work 
double  the  best  Overshot  in  existence,  and  I  believe  it  will  do  more  work 
with  the  same  quantity  of  water. 

Gentlemen,  I  am  satisfied,  and  more  than  satisfied,  with  your  wheel. 
Years  ago  I  was  a  millwright  by  trade,  and  I  perfectly  understand  the  per- 
centage given  by  the  iron  wheels  which  are  in  general  use  in  this  section. 
Yonr  wheel  is  far  superior,  and  worthy  of  and  must  have  a  more  general 
introduction.     Yours  truly,  D.  D.  ALJJEN. 

Our  Wheel  in  a  Woolen  Factory. 

Crawfordsville,  Iud.,  Nov.  18, 1865. 
Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  We  wish  to  add  our  testimony  to  the  value 
of  your  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheels.  After  an  experience  of  some  for- 
ty years,  of  different  wheels  in  use,  I  can  say,  without  hesitation,  I  have 
never  found  any  to  equal  the  Double  Turbine.  We  have  used  one  of  your 
10  inch  wheels  on  28  feet  fall,  after  throwing  out  an  Overshot,  and  were 
able  to  do  one-fourth  more  work  and  a  more  steady  movement,  not  so  lia- 
ble to  be  checked,  throwing  on  and  off  bands.  And  we  are  now  using 
one  of  your  11%  inch  wheels,  on  1&%  feet  head  and  fall,  running  one  set 
of  machinery — carding,  spinning,  weaving,  fulling,  and  all  other  fixtures 
for  manufacturing  cloth,  with  less  water  than  could  possibly  do  with  an 
Overshot  wheel  on  same  head  and  same  amount  of  water.  We  have  not 
added  machinery  enough  to  our  11%  inch  wheel  to  know  what  it  could  do, 
but  have  no  doubt  we  could  double  the  machinery  before  filling  the  ca- 
pacity of  the  wheel.  You  can  make  whatever  you  choose  of  the  above. 
Yours,  truly,       .  K.  M.  HILLS. 

Have  a  remarkably  steady,  true  speed. 

Northampton,  Mass.,  Jan.  1st,  1867. 
Messrs.  Leffel  &  Co. :  You  ask  us  how  we  like  your  wheels,  put  in  our 
new  mill  last  Summer.  The  23  inch  wheel  is  running  under  32  feet  head, 
and  drives  two  rag  engines  40  inch  bore,  36  inch  diameter  of  roll,  (called 
500  lb.  engines,)  rag  cutter,  duster,  pumps,  &c,  with  one-half  gate.  We 
have  ample  power  for  another  engine  same  size.  The  10  inch  wheel  runs 
the  54  inch  machine  with  one-half  gate.  They  have  a  remarkably  steady, 
true  speed,  and  we  consider  them  superior  to  any  wheel  within  our  knowl- 
edge. We  are  now  running  a  good  Breast  wheel  in  another  mill,  for  which 
we  propose  to  substitute  one  of  yours  next  Summer. 

DELANEY  &  WATSON. 


22 

Explanation  of  Tables. 

On  the  three  following  pages  will  be  found  tables  showing  the  power, 
number  of  revolutions  per  minute,  and  also  the  number  of  cubic  feet 
of  water  discharged  per  minute  for  each  size  of  our  wheels,  under  heads 
<from3to40  feet.  The  top  line  of  figures  shows  the  head  and  fall  in 
feet.  The  left  hand  perpendicular  column  gives  the  size  of  wheel  from 
6g-  to  56  inches  in  diameter.  In  the  small  squares  formed  by  the  inter- 
section of  the  perpendicular  and  horizontal  columns  will  be  found 
three  sets  of  figures.  The  upper  one  indicates  the  number  of  horse 
power,  which  you  will  see  is  abbreviated  at  the  left  of  the  horizontal 
column.  The  middle  set  of  figures  shows  the  number  of  cubic  feet  of 
water  used  by  the  wheel  per  minute.  This  is  likewise  abbreviated.  The 
lower  set  of  figures  shows  the  number  of  revolutions  of  the  wheel  per 
minute.  We  will  give  an  example  of  the  manner  of  determining  by  this 
table  the  power,  quantity  of  water  used,  and  revolutions  of  any  sized 
wheel  under  a  given  fall.  Suppose  we  wanted  to  find  the  power  of  a  20 
inch  wheel  under  11  feet  fall ;  find  in  the  top  line  of  figures  (indicating 
the  fall  in  feet)  the  fall  required — 11  feet ;  now  follow  down  the  perpen- 
dicular column  immediately  under  the  figure  11  until  you  come  to  the 
horizontal  column  in  which  the  size  of  wheel  (20  in.)  is  placed  at  the 
left.  In  the  square  where  these  two  columns  intersect  will  be  found 
9Xoo  horse  power,  499  cubic  feet  of  water  per  minute,  229  revolutions  per 
minute.  Again,  take  a  48  inch  wheel  under  8  feet  fall.  In  following 
down  the  perpendicular  column  under  figure  8. until  you  reach  the  hor- 
izontal column  leading  from  the  48  inch  wheel  to  the  right,  at  the  inter- 
section will  be  found  32^  horse  power,  2457  cubic  feet  of  water. per 
minute,  and  81  revolutions  per  minute,  which  will  be  the  number  of 
horse  power,  the  cubic  feet  of  water  used  per  minute,  and  the  revolutions 
per  minute  of  a  wheel  48  inches  diameter  under  8  feet  fall.  The  same 
method  will  determine  the  power,  quantity  of  water  used  per  minute  of 
auy  size  wheel,  under  any  fall  from  3  to  40  feet.  The  revolutions  of  the 
wheels  as  laid  down  in  this  table  are  the  number  of  revolutions  the  wheel 
makes  when  at  loork.  But  as  there  is  always  a  loss  of  fall  by  the  watefc 
drawing  down  in  the  head  race,  and  also  raising  in  the  tail  race  when 
the  wheel  is  running,  we  would  here  state  that  as  a  rule  we  would  ad- 
vise those  who  have  charge  of  putting  the  wheels  in,  that  in  calculating 
for  the  speed  of  wheel  and  machinery  they  should  always  base  their 
calculations  on  a  fall  of  from  6  inches  to  a  foot  less  than  the  measured 
fall  when  the  head  and  fall  is  from  4  feet  to  20  feet;  and  18  inches,  when 
the  fall  is  over  20  feet — thus  allowing  for  the  loss  of  head  mentioned  : 
which  will  bring  the  speed  of  the  wheel  to  suit  the  actual  running  head. 
On  page  26  will  be  found  a  table  showing  the  number  of  square  inches 
used  by  the  different  sized  wheels,  together  with  the  prices. 


23 


w     U 

o  -.3 


THE  FOLLOWING  TABLE 

Was  calculated  expressly  for  "  LEFFEL'S  AMERICAN  DOUBLE  TURBINE 
WATER  WHEEL."  and  will  apply  to  no  other  wheel.  It  contains  the  size  of  the 
different  Wheels  in  inches  of  diameter;  the -number  of  horse-power;  the  cubic 
feet  ot  water  used  per  minute,  and  the  number  of  revolutions  per  minute  made 
by  each  sized  Wheel  for  any  head  from  3  to  40  feet : 

HBAD     IIST   FBBT. 


3    4    5    6    7     8    9  10  11  12    13    14    15   16 


\00 

<0 

Horse    T. 
Cubic  Ft. 
Revolu'n. 

.15 

29 

360 

.22 
33 

416 

.31 
37 

465 

.41 

41 

510 

.521     .63 

441     47 
551]    588 

.76 

50 

624 

.891  1.02 

53      55 

658]    690 

1.171     1.31|     1.47 

58      '  60)       63 
72l[    750      779 

1.63 
65 

806 

1.79 

67 

832 

HorsePT. 
Cubio  Ft. 
Revolu'n. 

.20 

39 

313 

.30 

45 

362 

.42 

50 
404 

.56 

55 

443 

.70 
60 

478 

.86 

64 

511 

1.02 

68 

542 

1.201  1.38 

•   71      75 
572|    600 

1.571    1.77 

78        81 

626]     652 

1.98 

84 

677 

2.20 

87 

700 

2.42 

90 

723 

00 

Horse  PT. 

Cubic  Ft. 
Revoki'n. 

.25 

49 

273 

.38 

57 

315 

.53 

64 

352 

.70 

70 

386 

.881  1.08 

75  j     80 

417 1    446 

1.28 

85 

473 

1.511  1.74 

90      94 
498|    523 

1.98 

98 

546 

2.23" 
102 
568 

2.50     2.76 
106      110 
590]     610 

3.05 
114 
630 

H 

Horse  PT. 
Cubic  Ft. 
Revolu'n. 

.33 

67 

239 

.521     .72 

77      86 

275 1    308 

.95 

94 

337 

1.18 
102 
364 

1.46 
109 
390 

1.74 
115 
414 

2.041  2.35 
122     128 

436|    457 

2.65 
133 

478 

3.02 
139 

497 

3.38 
144 
516 

3.75 
149 
534 

4.13 
154 
551 

H 
H 

HorsePT. 
Cubic  Ft. 
Revolu'n. 

.44 

87 
207 

.67i     .941  1.24 
100    112]    123 
240 1    26S|    293 

1.56 
133 
317 

1.90 
142 
339 

2.27    2.66!  3.07 
160|    159    166 
359|    379|   397 

3.50 
174 
415 

3.94 
181 
432 

4.41 

188 
448 

4.89 
194 

464 

5.38 
201 
479 

■8 

CO 
H 

HorsePT. 
Cubic  Ft. 
Revolu'n. 

.58 
116 
180 

.90 
134 

208 

1.251  1.65 
149     164 
233 1    255 

2.08 
177 

275 

2.54 
189 
294 

3.03 
201 
312 

3.551  4.09 
211     222 
329|    345 

4.66" 
232 
360 

6.26 
241 
375 

5.83 
250 
389 

6.52J    7J8 
259!     267 
403)     416 

3 

Horse PT.j       JJQ\    J_J7 

cubic  Ft.  j    151 1    174 

Revolu'n.  |      1571     181 

1.631  2.14 
194     213 

202|    221 

2.70 
230 
239 

3.30   3.94 
246!    261 
256;    271 

4.611  5.32 

275     288 
286 1    300 

6.06 
301 
313 

6.83 
313 
326 

7.64 
325 
338 

8.47 
337 
350 

1    9.33 

348 
362 

H 

Horse  FT. 
Cubic  Ft. 

Revolu'n. 

.97 
197 
136 

1.53 

227 
158 

2.131  2.80 

254    278 
176!    193 

3.53 
301 

208 

4.31 
321 
223 

5.15 
341 

236 

6.031  6.S61     7.93 
359    377      393 
249!    261 1     273 

8.94!     9.99 
410      425 

284j      295 

11.08 
440 
305 

12.20 
455 
315 

O 

Horse  PT.j    1#31 
Cubic  Ft.      260 
Revolu'n.  1     119 

2.02,  2,821  3.71 
301     336    368 
138!    154|    169 

4.67 
398 
182 

5.71 
425 
195 

6.81 
451 
207 

7.98 
476 
218 

9.20 1  io.4y 
499|      521 
229|     239 

11.83 
542 

249 

13.22]  14.66 
563      582 

258!      267 

16.15 
602 

276 

CO 

HorsePT.,    L75 

cubic  Ft.     347 

Revolu'n.j     104 

2.69 
401 
119 

3.761  4.94 
448    491 
134!    147 

6.23 
531 
159 

7.61 
567 
169 

9.08 
602 
180 

10.64 
634 
190 

12.28 
665 
199 

13.99 
695 
208 

15.77 
723 
216 

17.63 
750 
224 

19.55 
777 
232 

21.54 
802 
240 

HorsePT. 
Cubic  Ft. 
Revolu'n. 

2.27 
451 

90 

3.5CF 

521 
104 

4.89 
583 
116 

6.43 
638 
127 

8.10 
690 
138 

9.90 
737 
147 

11.81 

782 
156 

13.83 

824 
164 

15.96 
864 
173 

18.18 
903 
180 

20.50 
940 

188 

22.92 
975 
195 

25.41 

1009 

201 

28.00 

1043 

208 

.      i  Horse  PT. 
gM  Cubic  Ft. 
W  |  Revolu'n. 

3.03 
602 

78 

4.67 

695 

90 

6.52 

777 
101 

8.57 
851 
111 

10.80 
920 
120 

13.20 

983 

128 

15.75 

1043 

136 

18.44 

1099 

143 

21.28 

1153 

150 

24.24 

1204 

157 

27.33 

1253 

163 

30.56 

1300 

169 

33.881  37.33 
1346    1390 

1751     181 

in 

CO 

Horse  P  r, 
Cubic  Ft. 
Revolu'n. 

3.99!  6.15 

793    916 
681      79 

8.59 
1023 

88 

11.29 

1121 

96 

14.23 

1211 
104 

17.38,20.74 

1295J 1373 

111!    118 

24.30 

1448 

125 

28.03!  31.94|  36.01 

1518    1586     1650 

131 1     136!      142 

40.251  44.64!  49.17 

1713    1773    1831 

1481      153]     158 

(HorsePT.;    5,25 

OicubfcFt.    1042 

1  Revolu'n.  |        60 

8.08 

1203 

69 

11.28 
1345 

.77 

14.83 
1473 

84 

18.79 

1592 

91 

22.84 

1701 

97 

27.26j31.92 

1804  1902 

103|    109 

36.831  41.96 

1995     2083 

114|     119 

47.31 

2168 
124 

52.88 

2251 

129 

58.64 

2330 

133 

64.61 

2406 

138 

HorsePT.,    7.58,11.66 

§  joubic  Ft.  150511738 

J  Revolu'n.  1        50 1       57 

16.30 

1942 

64 

21.42 

2128 

70 

27.00 

2299 

76 

32.99 

2457 

81 

39.37 

2607 

86 

46.11 

2747 
91 

53.20 

2882 
95 

60.61 
3009 

99 
82.20 
4060 

85 

68.33 
3132 
104 
92.67 
4224 
89 

76.39 

3251 

107 

84.71 

3365 

111 

93.32 

3475 

115 

o  lHorseP'r- 110.40 
1*  1  cubic  Ft.  2045 

Itf)  '  RevoUi'ti.l        42 

15.82 

2345 

49 

22.12 

2619 

55 

29.06 

2870 
60 

36.63 

3100 

65 

44.75153.40 

3315  3566 

69'      74 

62.54 
3717 

78 

72.17 

3886 

82 

103.60 

4385 

92 

114.92 

4539 

97 

126.59 

4687 

99 

to 

«0 

HorsePT. 
j  Cubic  Ft, 
IBerdfci'n. 

13.10 

2556 

42 

19.77 

2931 

40 

27.65 

3273 

55 

36.32 

3587 
60 

45.78 

3875 

65 

55.93 

4143 

66 

66.75 
4457 

i     74 

78.17 
4646 

78 

90.21 

4857 
82 

102.75 
5075 

85 

115.83 

5282; 
89 

129.501 

548l| 
93 

143.65(158.23 

5673     5858 
97j       99 

24 


is 

ssi 


THE  FOLLOWING   TABLE 

Was  calculated  expressly  for  "  LEFFEL'S  AMERICAN  DOUBLE  TURBINE 
WATER  WHEEL,"  and  will  apply  to  no  other  wheel.  It  contains  the  size  of  the 
different  Wheels  in  inches  of  diameter;  the  number  of  horse-power;  the  cubic 
feet  of  water  used  per  minute,  and  the  number  of  revolutions  per  minute  made 
by  each  sized  Wheel  for  any  head  from  3  to  40  feet. 


:h::ea.:d    idst  febt. 


17   18  19    20    21  22    23    24   25  26   27    28 


■Horse  Power, 

"K|  Cubic  Feet, 
CD 

;  Revolution,. 

1.971    2.14 
69'       71 

858 i     883 

2.32 
73 

907 
3.14 

98 

788 

2.51 1     2.70,     2.89!     3.091     3.30 

75        77        78        80        82 

9311      954l     9761      998;    1019 

3.51 

84 
1040 

3^2 

85 
1061 

3.93J     4.15 

87        88 
1081 !    1101 

i  Horse  Power, 
•o\  Cubic  Feet, 
Revolution, 

2.651 

93 

745 

2.89 
96 

767 

3.391     3.64 
101      103 

809|      828 

3.91  j    4.181 
106!      108 

847|      867 

4.45'    4.73 
111      113 

886  •      904 

5.02 
115 
922 

5.31     5.61 

117      119 
939,      956 

i  Horse  Power, 

io  Feet, 
GO  i 

|  Revolution. 

3.34 
117 
650 

3.64 
121 

668 

3.95 
124 

687 

4.26 
127 

704 

4.59 

130 
722 

4.93!     5.26 
133      136 

739 1      756 

5.60 
139 

772 

5.96 
142 

788 

6.23 
144 

803) 

6.69 
148 
819 

7.06 
150 
834 

!  Horse  Power, 
<5   Cubic  Feet, 
:  Revolution, 

4.521     4.93 
159 i      163 

5681     585 

5.34 
168 
601 

5.77'    6.21 
172      176 
617}     632 

6.65 
180 
647 

7.12 
184 
661 

7.58 
188 
675 

8.06 
192 
689 

8.55| 
196 
703 

9.05 
200 
716 

9.50 
203 
729 

JHorse  Power, 
^j  Cubic  Feet, 
'H  J  Revolution, 

5.90 
207 
494 

6.43 
213 

508 

6.97 
219 
522 

7.53 
224 
536 

8.10 
230 
549 

8.68 
235 
562 

9.28 
241 
574 

9.89 
246 

587 

10.51 
251 

599 

11.15 
256 
611 

11.80 
260 
622 

12.46 
265 
634 

:  Horse  Power, 

-i,    Cubic  Feet, 

CO  1 

»"^    Revolution, 

7.86 
276 
429 

8.57 
284 
441 

9.29 
291 
454 

10.03 

299 
4651 

10.79 
306 
447 

11.57 
313 

488 

12.37 
321 

499 

13.19 
327 
510 

14.02 
334 

520 

14.87 
341 
530 

15.74 
347 

540 

16.62 
354 
550 

!  Horse  Power, 
1  riv  1  Cubic  Feet, 

»o  ; 

1*4   Revolution, 

10.221  11.14 

358      369 
373 I     384 

12.08 
379 
594 

13.041  14.03 

389      398 
404|     414 

15,04 
407 
424 

16.08 
417 
433 

17.14 
426 
433 

18.23 
434 
452 

19.33i  20.46 
443,     451 
461 1      470 

21.60 
460 

478 

,       HorsePower.j       43.371    14.56)    15.79 

jjK  Cubic  Feet,           469 1      482 1      495 
S  JRevolution,  j         325|       334|      343 

17.06]  18.351  19.671  21.03 
5081      521       533      545 
3521      361|      369|     378 

22.42 
557 

386 

23.84 

568 
394 

25.281  26.751 
579       590 
402|      409 

28.25 
602 
417 

j Horse  Power,!       17.69)   19.28 
Oj  cubic  Feet,              620 1        638 
^Revolution,    |           2S4|        293 

20.901  22.58 
656      673 
300 !      308 

24.29 
689 
316 

26.04 
705 
323 

27.83 
721 
331 

29.67 
737 
338 

31.54 
752 
345 

33.46 

767 
351 

35.41 

781 
358 

37.39 
796 
365 

1 
CO 

Sorse  Power, 
Cubic  Feet, 
Revolution, 

23.59 

827 
247 

25.701  27.87 
851       874 
254j      261 

30.10 

897 
26S 

32.38 
919 
275 

34.72 
940 
281 

37.12 
962 

287 

39.561  42.05 
9821    1003 
294!     300 

44.611  47.21 

1022    1042 

306 1      311 

49.85 

1061 

317 

Horsepower,!       30.651    33.41]    36.23 

Cubic  Feet,         1075     1106     1136 

Revolution,    |           214|        221         227 

39.13 

1166 

233 

42.10 

1194 

238 

45.13 

1223 

224 

48.25 
1250 

249 

51.43 

1277 

255 

54.68 

1303 

260 

57.99 

1329 

265 

61.37 

1354 

270 

64.80 

1379 

275 

,     7Bor&i;  iJower, 
qx.  Cubic  Feet, 
W  [Revolution, 

40.891  44.55,  48.31  j  52.17)  56.13 

1433     1475!    1515;    1554     1592 

187|      192J      197j      202|      207 

60.18 

1630 

212 

64.331  68.58!  72.91 
1667    1703    1738 

217;      22l!      226 

77.32 
1772 

230 

81.82 

1806 

235 

86.40 

1838 

239 

§ 

Horse  Power, 
Cubic  Feet. 
Revolution, 

53.86 

1888 

162 

58.68,  63.64|  68.73]  73.94 

1943 1    1996     2048     2098 

167 1      172!      17e]      180 

79.27 

2147 

185 

84.75 

2195 

189 

90.34 

2243 

193 

96.04 

2289 

197 

101.84 

2334 

201 

107.78!  113.82 
2379!    2422 

205!      208 

§ 

'Horse  Power 
Cubic  Feet, 
Revolution, 

70.76 

2480 

142 

77.10   83.61 

2552 1    2622 

146 1      150 

90.34 

2690 

154 

97.14 

2756 

lag 

104.15,111.33  j  118.69'  126.19 

2821     2884     29471    3007 
1621     1651      169!      172 

133.82 

3067 

176 

141.62 

3125 

179 

149.54 
3182 

•    182 

§ 

olorse  Power 
Cubic  Feet, 
Revolution, 

102.21 

3583 

118 

111.37 

3687 
125 

120.771130.43 

37871    3885 

!       125|      128 

140.32 

3981 

132 

150.44,160.83,171.44|182.27 

4075    4166    4256     4344 

1      135!     138|     141 1      144 

193.311 

4430 
146 

204.56 1216.00 

4514    4597 

149|      152 

'I    |  Horse  rower 

£     Cubic  Feet, 

CO 

IQ  j  Revolu  tion, 

.    138.62 

483c 

101 

151.04;  167.7! 
t    49761    51K 
[      104|     10r 

)il76.9c 
)     5243 

r     11c 

190.31 -204.0S 
53711    5481 

112|     ne 

218.11 !  232.47 

5691 1    5742 
118|      121 

'  247.3i 

586C 

123 

264.1S 

597c 

126 

277.46 

6090 

128 

292.91 

6196 

13C 

*\    I  Horse  Power 

<5    1  Cubic  Feet, 

CO 

l£  (Revolution, 

t\  173.25 

604] 
1       10: 

M188.8 
L|    622 
L      10 

)i  209.71 
)|    638' 

i!    10' 

j  221.1s 

J     6553 

r    11c 

I  237.SS 

67i: 
11. 

5,255.1c 
5|    6851 
i\     IK 

M  272.6^ 

705; 

>      US 

* '290.56 

\\    718£ 
J      121 

I  309.15 

►    7325 

123 

330.23 

7466 

126 

!  346.85 

7612 

128 

366.13 
l    77j 
1      13C 

25 


Mel 


THE  FOLLOWING  TABLE 

Was  calculated  expressly  for  M  LEFFEL'S  AMERICAN  DOUBLE  TURBINE 
WATER  WHEEL,"  and  will  apply  to  no  other  wheel.  It  contains  the  size  of  the 
different  Wheels  in  inches  of  diameter;  the  number  of  horse-power;  the  cubic 
feet  of  water  used  per  minute,  and  the  number  of  revolutions  per  minute  made 
by  each  sized  Wheel  for  any  head  from  8   to  40  feet. 

IiEl-A.ra     IJST    FEET- 


29  30  31   32    33  34   35   36   37  38  39   40 


B5SK5SCT      4.38)    4.611    4.84)    5.081    5.32 


Revolution, 


901   39   93!   59    96 
11201  11401  1158|  1177!  1195 


5.oCi     5.81 


(i.Sl      7.(»!) 

104      106 

1283     12991    1316 


HorsePower,  |        5.91 1      6.22 
Cubic  Feet,    j           121         124 
Revolution,    |          973 1        990 

6.35I     6.85!    7.18<    7.50!     7.84 1     8.18 

126      128      130      132!      134      136 

1007|    1024|    1039|    1054|    1070    1085 

8.52,    8.87 

137      139 

1100     1115 

9.25!     9.58 

141      143 

1129]    1143 

CO 

HorsePower,;          744"       7.83)       8.23 

Cubic  Feet,  !         153       156       158 
Revolution.            8481      863!      877 

8.63 
161 
891 

9.041     9.45 
163       166 
905 1      919 

9.87 
168 
932 

10.30 
171 
945 

10.731  11.171  11.61 

173       175      177 

5981      971 1      984 

12.06 
180 
996 

9 

HorsePower,:      10#07|    10#60|    11>13|    H.68;    12.231    12.79 

cubic  Feet,          2071     211 1      214 1      217      221       224 

Revolution,  |       742|     755|     7671     780|      792J      804 

13.36 
227 
816 

13.93 
231 

827 

14.51 
234 

838 

15.11!  15.71 
237)      240 

850 1      861 

16.32 
243 

872 

-^ 
3 

florae  Po%mv      13-141   13.82 

Cubic  Feet,  j           270  j        275 
'Revolution,    j          645 j        656 

14.52!  15.23 

279      284 
667|     678 

16.95 

288 
688 

16.68]  17.42 
292      297 
699|     709 

18.17 
301 
719 

18.93 
305 
729 

19.711  20.49 
309      313 

738      478 

21.28 
317 

758 

XTJ)jHorsePower,|      17.51 
^-  Cubic  Feet,             360 
»H  'Revolution,    ]           560 

18.43 
366 
570 

19.36 
372 
579 

20.31 

378 
589 

21.26;  22.24!  23.23 

384      390      396 
598|      607 |     616 

24.23'  25.241  26.28 
4011     407      412 
624|     633,     641 

27.32 
417 
650 

28.37 
423 
658 

j  Uorse  Power,  |      22 .77 
j\  Cubic  Feet,             468 
iH  [Revolution,    j           487 

23.96 
476 
495 

25.17 

484 
503 

26.40 
492 
511 

27.64 
499 
519 

28.91 
507 
527 

30.20 
514 
535 

31.50 
521 
542 

32.821  34.16|  35.51 
528!      536,      543 
550|      557|      564 

36.89 
550 
02 

HorsePower'       29.77l    31.33 
Cubic  Feet,             612 1        622 
Revolution,    j          424 1        431 

32.91 
633 
439 

34.52 
643 
4461 

36.15 
653 
453 

37.81 
663 
459 

39.50 
672 

466 

41.19 

682 
473 

42.91 
691 
479 

44.67 
700 
486 

46.44 
710 
492 

48.24 
719 
498 

8 

Horsepower,]     39.41 }  41  47 1  43.55 j  45.69 
cubic  Feet,  |       810,      824      837      851 
Revolution,  i       371 1     378|     384!      390 

47.84 
864 
396 

50.04 

877 
402 

52.27 

890 
408 

54.51 
902 
414 

56.80 
915 
419 

59.12 
927 
425 

61.46 
939 
430 

63.84 
951 
436 

go 

(M 

HorsePower,,      52.541    55.301    58.08 
Cubic  Feet,          1079      1098      1117 

Revolution,  |       323|     328|     334 

60.92 

1134 

339 

63.79 

1152 

344 

66.72 

1169 

350 

69.70 

1186 

355 

72.681  75.73 

1203 1    1220 

360|     365 

78.83 

1236 

368 

81.95 

1252 

374 

85.12 

1268 

379 

HorsePower,!       BS.301    71.89 
Cubic  Feet,            1403      1428 
Revolution,    j            280 1        285 

75.50 
1451 

290 

79.19 

1475 
294 

82.93 

1497 

299 

86.76 

1520 

303 

90.61 

1542 

308 

94.49,  98.45 

1564    1585 

312|     316 

102.47 

1607 

321 

106.53 

1628 

325 

110.66 

1648 

329 

i 

HBrse  Power,)      91.071   95.85il00.69 

Cubic  Feet,  {      1871 1    1904 1    1935 
Revolution,  |         243 1      248!       252 

105.58 

1966 

256 

110.57 

1996 

260 

115.65 

2027 

264 

120.81  I125.98jl31.26 

2057     2085     2114 

268|     271 1     275 

136.63|  142.04 

2142!    2170 
2791    '282 

147.53 

2198 

286 

CO 

Horse  Power,  I    H9.97 
Cubic  Feet.           2465 
Revolution,    j           212 

126.26,132.60 

2508i    2549 

216 1      219 

139.09 

2590 

223 

145.65 

2630 

226 

152.34 

2670 
230 

159.14 

2709 
233 

165.96 

2747 
236 

172.91 

2785 
240 

179.991187.11 

2S22J    2859 
243|      246 

194.36 

2895 
249 

9 

HorsePower.i    157.62 
Cubic  Feet,           3238 
Revolution,    \          186 

165.89174.23 

3295    3349 

189!     292 

182.75 

3403 

195 

191.37 
3455 

198 

200.161209.09 

3508    3560 

201 1     204 

218.05 

3609 

207 

227.18. 236.48 

3658|    3708 

210|      212 

245.83(255.37 

37561    3804 

215!      218 

8 

HorsePower, 
Cubic  Feet, 
Revolution, 

227.67|239.62i251.66|263.97l276.42 

4678    4759!    4837!    4915i    4991 
1551      157!      160|      162!      165 

289.14 

5067 

167 

302.02' 314.95 

5142    5213 

170|     172 

328.151341.58 

52861    5356 

175|      177 

355.11|  368.87 

5425     5495 

179!      182 

6 
H 
O 

«orse  Jf  ower, 
Cubic  Feet, 
Revolu  tion 

308.81 

6310 

132 

325.04!  342.32' 352.04 

6420J    65261    6667 

1321      1321      139 

375.31392.20 

6838     6879 
1421      144 

410.231430.32 

6985     7055 
147|      149 

440.52 
7161 

150 

464.21 

7260 

153 

489.85 
7375 

1 5  "> 

503.75 

7394 

157 

mm    (HorsePower 

&    1  Cubic  Feet, 

CD 

IQ  |  Revolution, 

|  386.01 

7887 

1       132 

406.3C 

802  f 

13f 

1427.90 
)   8157 
i      137 

1440.05 

8330 

139 

469.16 
8412 

112 

490.25 

8593 

144 

512.73 

8731 

147 

537:90 

8818 

149 

550.05 

8951 

150 

580.26 
90ffl 

153 

612.31 

9193 

155i 

&B9.68 

9230 
157 

26 

Price  List. 

The  first  six  sizes,  from  6|  inches  up  to  15J  inches,  are  made  of  pol- 
ished brass,  and  on  that  account  the  price  is  higher  in  proportion  to  the 
other  sizes,  as  it  greatly  increases  the  cost  of  manufacture. 

61  inch  wheel  vents  4&  square  inches  of  water.     Price  $400. 


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$400. 

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$475. 

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$525. 

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$600. 

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$700. 

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$850. 

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$1000. 

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$1100. 

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$1250. 

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$1800. 
$2000. 

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$2800. 

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$3000. 

Measurement  of  Water. 

When  a  man  has  concluded  to  improve  a  water  power,  the  first  thing 
he  should  ascertain  is  the  amount  of  fall  he  can  secure.  The  next  and 
most  important  thing  is  to  determine  accurately  the  quantity  of  water 
that  flows  in  a  stream,  as  upon  this  will  depend  the  amount  of  power, 
and  consequently  the  amount  of  work  the  stream  is  capable  of  perform- 
ing. And  as  the  improvement  of  water  power  is  necessarily  attended 
with  expense,  it  is  therefore  important  to  one  who  contemplates  build- 
ing a  mill  or  factory,  that  he  should  know  exactly  what  amount  of  work- 
he  can  depend  »pon  the  stream  performing ;  and  for  the  want  of  an 
accurate  knowledge,  or  from  erroneous  supposition  of  the  quantity  of 
water  in  the  stream,  which  is  too  often  obtained  by  a  mere  superficial 
examination  of  the  stream,  parties  frequently  construct  mills  and  fac- 
tories of  a  magnitude  which,  upon  trial,  they  find  the  power  of  the 
stream  wholly  inadequate  to  carry.  This  being  the  case,  it  is  import- 
ant to  got  some  one  well  versed  in  hydraulics  to  measure  the  capacity 
of  the  stream.  As  this  cannot  always  be  done,  wo  will  here  give  a  few 
plain  rules,  by  the  aid  of  which  any  one  can  determine  approximately 
the  quantity  of  water  in  the  stream  : 

To  measure  the  stream,  go  to  some  place  where  the  water  runs  with 
a  brisk  and  uniform  current,  and  where  the  stream  is  of  a  uniform 


27 

width  and  depth.  Find  how  many  feet  the  water  will  flow  in  the 
stream  per  minute  by  putting  a  float  in  the  surface  of  the  water.  Thon 
measure  the  depth  and  width  of  the  stream,  and  multiply  the  area  of 
the  cross  section  of  the  stream  in  feet  by  the  velocity  of  the  water  in 
feet  per  minute.  This  will  give  the  number  of  cubic  feet  of  water 
flowing  in  the  stream  per  minute,  or  very  nearly. 

Special  Notice. 

We  frequently  receive  letters  from  our  correspondents,  saying  that 
they  have  a  certain  number  of  "  surface  inches  "  of  water  in  the  stream 
or  so  many  "  cubic  inches,"  and  like  statements.  Now  we  wish  to  say 
that  from  this  we  cannot  determine  the  quantity  of  water  in  the  stream, 
as  it  affords  no  idea  of  the  size  of  the  stream.  We  would  therefore 
caution  persons  in  writing  to  us  concerning  the  size  of  their  stream  to 
let  us  know  how  wide  the  stream  is,  how  deep,  and  how  fast  the  water 
runs  in  the  stream  ;  or  if  another  wheel  has  been  used  in  the  stream, 
to  let  us  know  how  many  square  inches  of  water  the  wheel  used,  and 
depth  of  water  above  the  orifice;  or  take  a  board  and  cut  a  notch  in 
it,  and  place  it  as  a  dam  across  the  stream,  and  make  all  the  water  spill 
through  the  notch,  then  let  us  know  how  wide  the  notch  is,  and  how 
'deep  the  water  pours  through  it.  Or  if  there  is  a  waste  way  about  the^ 
dam  or  race,  let  us  know  how  wide  it  is,  and  how  deep  the  water  pours 
over  it.  By  any  of  these  means  we  can  calculate  definitely  the  quan- 
tity of  water  in  the  stream,  and  by  so  doing  will  save  much  time  and 
correspondence. 

How  a  Ten  Inch  Wheel,  with  U  gate,  works  against  an  Overshot 

Northampton,  Mass.,  Jan.  1st,  1867. 
Leffel  &  Co. :  Your  agent,  Mr.  Loud,  put  one  of  your  ten  inch  wheels 
into  our  Silk  Mill  in  place  of  an  Overshot.  We  find  your  wheel  superior 
to  the  Overshot,  both  on  account  of  the  water  used,  economy  of  space, 
and  steadiness  of  power,  and  are  able  to  drive  one-third  more  machinery 
than  we  formerly  did.  Our  stream  is  small,  and  we  use  only  one-fourth 
gate — say  three  square  inches  under  nineteen  feet  head  and  fall.  We  con- 
sider it  a  perfect  success. 

Truly  yours,  J.  &  J.  F.  WARNER. 

Astonishing  amount  of  work  for  a  I71-  inch  Wheel. 

Lbe,  Mass.,  Jan.  29th,  1866. 
To  whom  it  may  concern  :  I  have  lately  put  in  operation,  in  one  of  my 
paper  mills,  a  Leffel's  American  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheel.  This 
wheel  is  11}4  inches  in  diameter,  set  under  a  44  feet  head,  and  drives  4  rag 
engines  and  one  rag  duster.  It  has  ample  power  to  drive  all  that  is  at- 
tached to  it,  and  I  can  cheerfully  recommend  it  as  being  the  best  iron 
wheel  that  I  have  used,  having  had  several  different  kinds. 

PRENTISS  O.  BAIRD. 


26 

Wheel  in  a  Circular  Saw  Mill. 

Mechanicsburg,  Ohio,  January  17th,  1867. 

Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  Your  favor  of  the  12th  instant  has  been  at 
hand  some  days.  It  has  been  very  cold  ever  since  we  put  in  our  wheel, 
and  we  have  not  been  able  to  give  a  full  day's  trial,  but  are  satisfied  that 
the  wheel  will  give  power  enough  to  cut  five  thousand  feet  of  oak  lumber 
per  day.  Our  fall  is  seventeen  feet,  our  wheel  26)4  inches.  The  only  trial 
made  was  on  a  log  sawed  just  after  we  put  in  the  wheel.  It  was  peeled 
black  oak,  12  feet  long,  partially  dry.  This  we  cut  into  inch  boards, 
squared  up,  making  176  feet  in  19  minutes,  or  about  550  feet  per  hour. 
The  wheel  gives  all  the  power  we  want,  and  its  quick  response  when  the 
gates  are  opened,  its  rapid  and  steady  motion,  are  the  admiration  of  all 
who  see  it.  We  intend  to  replace  the  Overshot  in  our  Flour  Mill  with  one 
of  your  wheels  a3  soon  as  we  can,  for  we  believe  we  can  do  a  great  deal 
more  work  with  the  same  water,  and  will  never  more  be  troubled  with 
freezing  up,  however  cold  it  may  be. 

I  should  have  stated  in  the  beginning  that  our  saw  mill  is  an  old  circular 
mill  that  has  been  run  by  steam  some  ten  years  ;  that  the  saw  we  now  have 
gives  no  fair  test  of  the  wheel's  capacity.  For  running  circular  saw  mills, 
I  think  your  wheels  are  the  ne  plus  ultra.  They  start  as  quick  as  a  steam 
engine,  and  when  nearly  through  a  log  water  may  be  shut  off,  and  the  mo- 
tion will  carry  the  saw  through  and  gig  back  the  log.  Our  mills  are  situ-. 
*  ated  on  a  small  stream,  and  we  were  fearful  that  we  would  not  be  able  to 
run  a  26  inch  wheel,  but  the  result  has  exceeded  our  highest  anticipations. 

I  have  examined  the  table  calculated  for  your  wheels,  and  I  believe  it 
to  be  perfectly  correct  as  to  the  amount  of  water  consumed. 

Yours  truly,  A.  STALEY  &  SON. 

Surprised  that  the  Wheel  requires  so  small  a  quantity  of  Water. 

Columbus,  Ga.,  Jan.  4th,  1867. 
Messrs.  James  Leffel  <fc  Co. :  After  an  experience  of  fifteen  years  with 
the  "  Riche  Wheels,"  which  gave  an  abundance  of  power,  I  was  very  un- 
willing to  make  a  change ;  but  having  obtained  one  of  your  circulars  giv- 
ing a  description  of  the  "  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheel,"  and  it  having  be- 
come necessary  to  make  repairs,  the  position  of  your  wheel  in  the  flume, 
giving  at  all  times  ready  access  to  the  wheels,  induced  me  to  order  three 
of  the  40  inch  wheels.  On  trial  I  was  surprised  to  find  that  the  wheels  re- 
quired so  small  a  quantity  of  water,  and  to  each  of  the  wheels,  with  the 
gates  half  open,  I  am  running,  under  a  14  feet  head,  two  4  feet  burrs,  with 
all  the  machinery  attached.  The  power  and  steadiness  of  the  wheels  are 
wonderful,  and  the  advantage  of  the  position  of  the  wheel  is  great. 

Yours  truly,  R.  L.  MOTT,  Proprietor  of  Palace  Mills. 

Lockland,  Ohio,  April  30th,  1866. 
Messrs  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  Gents— Find  inclosed  check  for  the  amount 
of  your  Wheel,  $500.  We  have  been  running  it  for  30  days  in  place  of 
Stout,  Mills  &  Temple  Wheel,  which  we  run  for  better  than  one  year,  gear- 
ing in  the  same  manner  as  the  Stout,  Mills  &  Temple  Wheel,  and  we  can 
say  that  we  are  doing  20  per  cent,  more  work  than  we  did  before  with  the 


29 

other  wheel.  We  are  entirely  satisfied  with  your  Wheel  so  far,  and  take 
pleasure  in  recommending"  it  to  any  one  as  the  best  wheel  we  have  used, 
feeling  confident  that  we  can  make  100  bbls.  now,  where,  as  before,  we 
could  not  make  more  than  80  bbls.  We  find  the  wheel  not  near  so  liable 
to  clog  as  the  Dayton  Wheel,  never  having  found  any  thing  to  obstruct  the 
wheel  as  yet.  BACHELOR  &  PALMER. 

We  would  call  the  attention  of  those  who  have  any  doubt  of  the  super- 
iority of  our  Wheel  over  the  Stout  Wheel  to  the  above  certificate,  particu-, 
larly  from  the  fact  of  the  two  wheels  having  been  tried  under  exactly  the 
same  conditions  and  circumstances— as  all  who  are  versed  in  hydraulics 
know  that,  unless  the  Wheels  are  tried  under  precisely  the  same  circum- 
stances, there  can  be  no  satisfactory  results  obtained.  In  the  mills  above 
mentioned,  the  Dayton  Wheel,  (through  the  exertions  of  the  proprietors,) 
was  put  in  the  best  possible  condition :  such  as  we  were,  in  fact,  well  pleas- 
ed with,  as  our  Wheel  was  put  in  exactly  the  same  place,  and  geared  in  the 
same  manner  and  running  the  same  machinery.  The  Stout  Wheel  was  42 
inches  in  diameter,  venting,  according  to  their  tables,  156  inches  of  water. 
Our  Wheel,  which  took  the  place  of  the  above  Wheel,  is  only  35  inches  in 
diameter  and  venting  only  13Wnches  of  water.  It  will  be  observed  that 
the  Leffel  Wheel  is  doing  one-fourth  more  work  than  the  Dayton  Wheel. 

JAMES  LEFFEL  &  CO. 

4 
Knightstown,  Indiana,  November  6th,  1865. 
Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  Gentlemen :  About  September,  1864, 1  pur- 
chased of  Messrs.  Stout,  Mills  &  Temple,  one  of  their  Turbine  Water 
Wheels,  with  the  understanding  that  it  was  the  best  wheel  in  use,  and  a 
guarantee  that  it  would  grind  an  average  of  fifteen  bushels  per  hour :  and 
before  putting  it  in  I  saw  Mr.  Leffel,  who  told  me  if  I  would  put  in  one 
of  his  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheels,  and  it  did  not  beat  the  Stout  Wheel 
ten  per  cent,  he  would  give  me  the  wheel  for  nothing.  I  took  the  wheel 
under  those  conditions.  In  using  the  same  amount  of  water  under  a  six 
foot  head,  I  find  I  can  grind  at  the  very  least  one  bushel  more  per  hour 
with  the  Springfield  wheel  and  at  the  same  time  drive  all  the  machinery  of 
the  mill,  which  I  consider  is  one-fourth  more  power  than  Stout,  Mills  & 
Temple's  Wheel  gives  with  the  same  amount  of  water  used. 

I  now  have  been  using  the  two  wheels,  side  by  side,  for  the  last  twelve 
months.  I  grind  about  11  bushels  per  hour  with  the  Stout  wheel,  and  12 
bushels  per  hour  with  the  Springfield  wheel,  beside  driving  the  machinery 
of  the  whole  mill.  From  a  practical  experience  of  twelve  months,  I  have 
no  hesitancy  in  recommending  the  Leffel  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheel  as 
being  the  best  wheel  of  the  two  in  point  of  power  according  to  amount  of 
water  used,  or  the  best  wheel  I  know  of;  and  the  faet  is,  if  I  could  not  get 
another  one  of  your  wheels  I  would  not  take  three  times  the  cost  of  it  and 
run  the  risk  of  getting  a  wheel  which  would  be  its  equal.- 

Yours  truly,  J.  A.  CHURCH. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  March  1st,  1866. 
Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :    Gents  :    We  have  now  been  running  the 
40  inch  wheel  we  got  of  you  for  3  years,  aud  we  are  free  to  say  that  it  does 


30 

more  than  wc  expected  or  you  promised.  Our  fall  is  15  feet  and  the  wheel 
gives  ample  power  to  run  3  four  feet  burrs  strong,  and  all  the  machinery  of 
the  mill  at  the  same  time,  and  we  can  easily,  and  have  repeatedly,  ground 
1,200  barrels  of  flour  a  week.  We  have  not  had  the  least  difficulty  with 
your  wheel  since  we  put  it  in.  As  compared  with  the  Stout  wheel,  we 
have  certainly  the  best  means  of  judging,  having  seen  them  tried  side  by 
side  for  over  two  year  in  N.  Sohl  &  Co/s  mills,  that  are  situated  the  next 
door  to  our  mill,  and  we  are  fully  satisfied  of  the  great  superiority  of 
your  wheel  over  the  Stout  &  Co.  wheel.  In  fact,  there  is  no  comparison 
between  the  two  wheels.  In  conclusion,  we  know  your  wheel  to  be  the 
best  we  have  seen  or  used,  having  used  almost  every  kind  of  wheel,  includ- 
ing the  overshot.  We  would  heartily  recommend  the  Double  Turbine  to 
all  who  want  a  steady  and  economical  wheel. 

JAMES  SKILLED  &  BRO. 

Indianapolis,  March  18th,  I860. 

James  Lellel  &  Co. :  Gents  :  We  have  now  been  running  two  of  your 
Double  Turbines  over  two  years  in  our  paper  mills,  in  this  city,  almost 
constantly,  night  and  day.  With  one  35  inch  wheel  under  15  feet  fall  we 
run  three  400  lb.  engines,  with  gates  only  two-thirds  open,  and  cutter  and 
pump  at  the  same  time ;  and  with  full  gates  we  are  confident  that  it  would 
run  four  400  lb.  engines  with  cutter  and  pump. 

The  20  inch  wheel,  under  15  feet  fall,  will  run  a  62  inch  machine  65  feet 
per  minute,  'with  gates  only  half  open.  In  fact,  having  seen  a  great  num- 
ber of  your  wheels  in  this  city,  used  for  various  purposes,  and  in  compe- 
tition with  others,  including  the  Stout  wheel,  we  think  them  far  better  than 
any  other.  We  are  fully  and  entirely  satisfied  with  the  wheels,  and  they 
perform  more  than  we  expected. 

We  would  most  heartily  recommend  them  to  others  who  may  want  wheels, 
as  we  know  they  will  be  satisfied  if  they  will  ever  try  them. 

GAY  &  BRADEN, 
By  A.  Gay,  agent  for  the  Canal  Co. 

Indianapolis,  Indiana.  November  16th,  1865. 

Messrs  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  Dear  Sirs  :  Three  years  since,  after  a  pretty 
thorough  examination  of  the  merits  of  a  number  of  the  most  approved 
water  wheels,  we  put  into  our  Paper  Mill  one  of  your  48  inch  wheels,  and 
must  say  its  thorough  working  has  fully  demonstrated  the  wisdom  of  the 
selection,  and  to-day  we  could  not  be  induced  to  change  it  for  any  other 
within  our  knowledge. 

Its  power  is  ample,  with  13  feet  fall,  water  not  gauged,  to  drive  tour  36 
inch  rag  engines,  rag  cutter,  rotary  boiler,  three  pumps,  &c. 

It  is  not  liable  to  freeze,  is  not  effected  by  back  wafer  only  in  proportion 
as  the  fall  is  lessened,  and  for  dnrabil  ty  we  see  no  evidence  of  its  failing. 
We  say,  as  an  evidenee  of  its  popularity  in  this  locality,  that  since  ours, 
there  have  been  ten  others  of  yours  put  in  by  the  Mills  of  this  city,  and  but 
one  "  Stout,  Mills  &  Temple's." 

Yours,  truly,  J.  McLENE  &  CO. 


31 

increased  his  Power  One-third. 

Lee,  Mass'.,  January  4th,  1867. 

Messrs.  James  Leffei  &  Co. :  In  September,  1865.  your  agent,  Mr.  E.  D. 
Jones,  of  this  place,  came  to  n%  and  offered  to  put  me  in  one  of  your  35 
inch  American  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheels,  with  the  understanding  that 
i  f  it  did  mot  drive  three  Rag  Engines  with  the  same  amount  of  water  that 
it  took  to  drive  two  engines  with  my  36  inch  Tyler  Wheel,  which  I  was 
using,  (and  it  was  a  new  one,)  I  was  not  to  pay  for  the  wheel. 

Under  the  above  consideration  I  gave  my  consent  to  have  your  wheel 
pat  in,  and  also  put  in  a  third  engine.  1  am  now  free  to  say  that  your 
wheel,  with  gates  %  drawn,  is  doing  all  your  agent  recommended  it  to  do, 
and  is  now  driving  my  three  engines  stronger  with  the  same  amount  of 
water  that  it  took  to  drive  two  engines  with  the  Tyler  Wheel  with  full  gate . 
In  point  of  steadiness  as  well  as  power,  I  consider  it  far  superior  to  the 
Tyler  Wheel  or  any  other  iron  wheel  that  I  ever  saw.  I  have  also  put  in 
one  of  your  Ylyx  inch  wheels  to  drive  my  machine,  (it  took  the  place  of  an 
Overshot  Wheel,)  and  is  doing  its  work  nobly.  For  variable  streams  your 
wheel  cannot  be  beaten  by  any  wheel,  for  with  gates  partially  closed  I  am 
satisfied  it  will  give  as  good  per  centum  of  power  as  with  full  gates,  and 
will  cheerfully  recommend  it  to  any  that  are  in  want  of  a  first  class  wheel. 
Yours,  truly,  JOHN  BOTTOMLY. 

Durable,  Steady  and  Economical. 

Eau  Clair  Co.,  Wis.,  January  23d,  1867. 
The  30)^  inch  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheel  which  we  purchased  from 
you,  we  have  been  running  in  our  mill  under  12  to  13  ft.  head,  for  about  four 
months ;  I  am  happy  to  say  it  works  to  our  entire  satisfaction  in  every  re- 
spect. It  drives  one  run  of  3)£  ft.  burrs,  our  separator,  smutter,  elevators, 
cooler  and  conveyor,  and  grinds  12  to  15  bushels  of  wheat  per  hour,  with 
%  gate  hoisted.  We  don't  hesitate  in  recommending  the  Leffei  Double 
Turbine  Water  Wheel  to  be  the  most  durable,  steady  running  and  economi- 
cal wheel  now  in  use. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

JOHN  F.  STONE  &  SON. 

Opinion  of  a  Practical  Miller. 

Leon,  Wis.,  January  17th,  1867. 
I  most  cheerfully  comply  with  your  request  in  making  a  statement  show- 
ing the  result  of  my  experience  with  the  use  of  the  Leffei  Water  Wheel.  I 
will  freely  give  you  the  facts.  I  have  been  using  in  my  flouring  mill  one 
of  Leffel's  40  inch  wheels,  drawing  180 '  inches  of  water,  under  9  ft.  head, 
since  early  last  Spring.  The  first  three  months  we  could  grind  on  an  average 
15  bushels  wheat  per  hour  with  %  of  the  gate  open,  or  20  bushels  with  a 
full  gate,  and  run  J£  chest  of  bolts,  smutter,  separator,  storing  elevator,  and 
cooler.  I  was  so  well  pleased  with  the  first  wheel  that  I  have  bought  and 
put  in  another  35  inch  wheel,  drawing  137  inches  water,  in  my  mill,  to  run 
a  pair  of  4  feet  new  stock  burrs.  The  wheel  is  now  in  fine  working  order, 
and  gives  entire  satisfaction — grinding  from  15  to  20  bushels  per  hour,  de- 


32 

pending  on  what  kind  of  wheat  we  arc  grinding.  These  three  wheels  that 
Mr.  Mather  and  I  arising  in  the  paper  mill  are  giving  entire  satisfaction. 
Judging  from  my  own  experience  and  knowledge  of  water  wheels,  the 
Leffel  wheel  will  do  at  least  one-third  more^work  than  any  other  wheel  in 
use  any  where  in  this  section  of  country,  with  the  same  head,  and  using  no 
more  water. 

Yours  with  great  respect, 

WM.  J.  AUSTIN. 

Convinced  of  the  Superiority  of  the  Leffel  Wheel. 

Plymouth,  Wis.,  January  21st,  1866. 

After  having  been  to  considerable  expense,  and  time  spent  in  traveling, 
in  order  to  satisfy  ourselves  as  to  the  merits  of  the  Leffel  Water  Wheel, 
represented  in  the  north-western  States  by  your  firm,  we  were  so  far  con- 
vinced of  the  superiority  of  these  wheels,  that  we  ordered  three  of  the 
wheels  of  you  in  June  last.  We  have  had  these  wheels  in  operation  in  our 
flouring  mills  for  four  months,  and  are  happy  to  inform  you  that  they  come 
up  to  expectations.  We  are  using  two  wheels  (35  inch  diameter),  each  driv- 
ing a  run  of  stones,  under  a  head  of  about  10  feet.  We  have,  with  this 
head,  ground  as  high  as  24  bushels  winter  wheat  and  20  bushels  spring 
wheat  per  hour.  We  run  all  the  machinery  of  the  mill,  elevators,  convey- 
ors, smut  machine  and  separators,  in  fact  everything,  except  the  stones, 
with  a  26}£  inch  wheel,  which  gives  us  plenty  of  power  with  the  gates 
two-thirds  closed. 

During  the  last  seventeen  years  we  have  used  four  different  descriptions 
of  water  wheels  in  our  mills,  and  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  the  Lef- 
fel wheel  is  from  15  to  20  per  cent,  better  than  either  of  the  wheels  former- 
ly used. 

HOTCHKISS  &  PUHLMAN. 

Saves  him  from  buying  an  Engine. 

Peacham,  Vt.,  June  28th,  1866. 
Messrs  Jas.  Leffel  &  Co. :    Gentlemen :    The  33  inch  wheel  you  sent  us, 
through  Mr.  Horton,  has  arrived,  and  we  have  got  it  in  operation.    It  fully 
comes  up  to  all  expectation,  and  will  save  us  the  necessity  of  buying  an 
engine. 

The  26)£  in.  wheel  you  sent  May  21st  has  not  arrived  yet ;  when  it  comes 
the  pay  will  be  forthcoming. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

E.  F.  EMERSON. 

It  more  than  meets  our  expectations. 

Manitowoc,  January  24th,  1867. 

We,  the  undersigned,  have  in  our  use  at  our  Mills  in  the  town  of  Cato,  one  of 
Leffel' s  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheels.  To  say  that  we  are  pleased  with  it  would 
express  but  little  of  the  satisfaction  we  feel.  It  more  than  meets  our  expectations, 
and  does  all  that  the  manufacturers  claim  for  it. 

It  gives  double  power;  is  small  in  size;  no  leakage;  cannot  be  frozen  up  and 
will  run  with  a  very  low  head  of  water.  „ 


33 

Forty  Inch  Circular  Saw  driven  by  a  Ten  Inch  Wheel. 

Mountain  Spring,  near  Portland,  Oregon,  July  2f>th.  1865. 
(ientlemen  :  I  take  pleasure  in  making  the  following  statement  in  refer- 
ence to  yonr  wheel.  I  have  been  using  for  the  last  five  months  pee  of  Lef- 
fel's  American  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheels,  of  ten  inches  in  diameter, 
driving  a  forty  inch  circular  saw,  undera  twenty-nine  feet  head  of  water. 
With  this  little  wheel,  we  have  usually  cut  1,600  feet  of  lumber  per  day, 
without  rushing  things  ;  and  one  day  we  cut  2,500  feet.  I  am  perfectly 
satisfied  with  the  wheel,  and  believe  it  accomplishes  more  than  you  claim 
for  it,  and  am  perfectly  convinced  that  it  does  not  use  more  water  than  your 
circular  represents.  I  therefore  cordially  recommend  the  wheel  to  all 
wanting  cheap,  economical  and  efficient  power.  •       H.  KELLY. 

Indianapolis,  October  4, 18G4. 
Messrs.  James  Leffel  &  Co. :  We,  the  undersigned,  are  millers  in  the 
employ  of  N.  Sohl  &  Co.,  and  have  had  a  good  opportunity  to  know  all  the 
facts  in  regard  to  the  test  of  wheels  claimed  to  have  been  made  by  Messrs. 
Stout,  Mills  &  Temple,  as  one  or  both  of  us  were  present  when  the  wheels 
were  started,  and  during  all  the  time  since,  and  we  know  that  no  measure- 
ment of  the  amount  of  water  used  by  either  wheel  has  been  taken,  and 
from  what  we  have  seen  of  the  working  of  the  two  wheels,  consider  the 
Leffel  Double  Turbine  to  be  decidedly  the  best  wheel — as  under  the  low 
head  your  wheel,  with  gates  one-half  drawn,  uses  no  more  water  than  the 
Stout  wheel  with  full  gates,  to  do  the  same  amount  of  work,  and  is  not  so 
liable  to  be  clogged  up.  ALFRED  J.  SOHL, 

Junior  partner  of  N.  Sohl  &  Co.,  and  Head  Miller. 
JOHN  SMITH,  Miller. 

E.  Smith  &  Son,  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  are  using  one  of  our  Wheels  in  their 
Mills  on  the  Canal,  seven  miles  above  Dayton,  by  the  side  of  one  of  Stout 
&  Co.'s  wheels,  and  give  our  wheel  the  most  decided  preference  as  the  best 
and  most  economical,  and  authorize  us  to  refer  any  parties  to  them  for  a 
corroboration  of  their  statements.    Below  is  the  opinion  of  their  Millers: 

Messrs  James  Leffel  <fc  Co. :  We  are  running  your  wheel  right  along, 
and  have  no  trouble  with  it.  The  Stout  &  Co.  wheel  clogs  up  frequently, 
and  we  have  to  stop  and  clear  it  out.  I  think  we  can  do  twice  the  work 
with  your  wheel  that  we  can  with  tho  Stout  &  Co.  wheel,  using  the  same 
water.  I  can  safely  say  that  your  wheel  will  grind  ten  bushel  with  the 
wrater  it  takes  to  grind  six  bushels  on  their  wheel. 

FREDERICK  BENJAMIN. 

This  is  to  certify  that  I  have  been  in  the  employ  of  E.  Smith  &  Son,  in 
their  Mills  near  Dayton,  for  eight  months  after  the  Leffel  Double  Turbine 
Wheel  was  put  in  there,  and  that  1  heartily  concur  with  the  above  statement 
of  the  comparative  merits  of  the  two  wheels.  Also,  that  during  this  time 
Stout,  Mills  &  Co.  ma^le  a  change  in  their  wheels  and  gearing  to  enable 
them  to  compete  with  the  Leffel  Wheel,  but  without  success. 

D.  GUTSHALL. 


34 

The  Construction  and  Finish  of  our  Wheel. 

We  make  the  manufacture  of  our  wheel  a  specialty — our  works,  and 
particularly  our  machinery,  being  specially  designed  for  that  purpose, 
and  all  other  work  done  being  merely  incidental  to,  it.  Most  of  the 
Turbine  wheel  manufacturers  carry  on  a  large  machinery  business — 
the  manufacture  of  water  wheels  being  merely  an  incident  in  their  bus- 
iness,  to  which  is  is  utterly  impossible  for  them  to  pay  the  attention 
necessary  to  the  construction  and  finish  of  water  wheels,  and  their 
adaptation  as  a  hydraulic  motor. 

We  pay  special  attention  to  the  construction  and  finish  of  our  wheel. 
The  guides  or  gates,  buckets,  &c,  are  ground  smooth.  Every  part  of 
the  wheel  and  casing  over  which  the  water  flows  is  turned  to  a  smooth 
surface,  so  that  the  water  flows  through  the  wheel  with  as  little  friction 
as  possible ;  and  all  wheels  under  fifteen  inches  are  made  of  brass,  pol- 
ished to  a  smooth,  even  surface.  Our  wheels  are  put  together  in  the 
most  accurate  and  substantial  manner,  by  thorough  machinists,  and 
not  thrown  together  as  a  great  many  cheap  and  worthless  wheels  are. 
It  has  been  our  constant  endeavor  to  make  a  first  class  wheel  in  point 
of  finish  and  workmanship.  Our  patterns  were  built  by  James  Leffel, 
the  patentee,  who,  knowing  how  much  damage  is  sometimes  done  by 
the  little  inaccuracies  and  want  of  correct  proportions  in  a  wheel,  de- 
voted a  great  deal  of  time  and  attention  to  their  perfect  accuracy;  and 
in  order  to  secure  this  beyond  a  doubt,  he  personally  superintended 
the  purchase  of  the  machinery  for  the  works,  and  its  adaptation  to  the 
wheel,  and  drilled  the  machinists  so  that  they  should  build  a  wheel  ac- 
cording to  his  idea  of  what  a  wheel  should  be.  Thomas  Leffel,  a  broth- 
er of  the  inventor,  who  has  always  been  associated  with  him  in  his  bus- 
iness, devotes  his  whole  time  and  attention  in  our  works,  toward  carry- 
ing out  the  ideas  of  his  brother  in  regard  to  the  construction  of  the 
wheel. 

Percentage. 

The  ordinary  method  of  determining  the  ratio  of  useful  effect  pro- 
duced by  a  wheel  from  a  certain  quantity  of  water  is  by  means  of  a 
friction  brake,  or  by  raising  weights  where  the  quantity  of  water  and 
the  hight  through  which  it  falls — or,  in  other  words,  the  amount  of 
head  and  fall  employed — is  carefully  compared  with  the  amount  of  re- 
sistance overcome.  Thus,  what  is  called  the  percentage  of  power  is 
accurately  obtained.  Now,  while  in  a  scientific  sense  to  ascertain  the 
percentage  of  a  wheel  is  of  some  value,  and  to  which  formerly  much 
mportance  was  attached,  it  has  become  a  well  established  fact,  from 
the  many  careful  tests  made  by  individuals  and  corporations,  that  the 
co-efficient  of  useful  effect  thus  determined  cannot  be  held  as  a  measure 
of  the  efficiency  of  a  wheel,  or  taken  as  any  assurance  that  the  same 


35 

comparative  results  will  bo  obtained,  when  applied  to  the  various  pur- 
poses of  manufacture.  Before  this  fact  was  fully  established,  it  was  a 
matter  of  much  astonishment,  not  only  to  manufacturers,  but  to  the 
builders  of  whoels  themselves,  to  find  a  great  disparity  existing  between 
the  results  obtained  in  an  experimental  test  and  the  results  produced 
when  practically  applied  to  propel  machinery.  So  great  has  been  this 
difference  that  many  wheels  which,  from  the  high  per  cent,  obtained  by 
test  trials,  gave  nattering  promise  of  a  successful  and  economical  wheel, 
when  required  to  overcome  the  ever-changing  resistance  of  machinery, 
have  totally  failed  to  meet  the  requirements  of  an  economical  wheel. — 
So  frequently  have  these  failures  occurred,  that  it  forms  one  of  the  great 
obstacles  in  the  way  of  introducing  a  really  valuable  and  successful 
wheel ;  and  it  is  an  ordinary  thing  for  shrewd  and  careful  manufacturers 
to  say,  "  Wo  know  beautiful  results  can  be  obtained  before  test  commit- 
tees, but  what  will  your  wheel  do  in  my  mill?" 

The  repeated  failures  of  wheels  whose  value  has  been  determined  alone 
by  their  percentage,  has  thus  caused  manufacturers  (and  justly  too)  to 
demand  more  substantial  proof  of  the  practical  results  of  a  wheel,  in 
which  alone  they  are  concerned.  . 

The  different  results  we  have  mentioned  arise  from  several  causes  : 
1st.  In  an  experimental,  the  conditions  are  all  favorable  ;  the  wheel  be- 
ing held  to  a  calculated  speed,  at  which  the  discharge  of  water  is  least, 
and  the  work  performed  the  greatest,  while  any  fluctuations  above  or 
below  are  attended  with  a  serious  reduction  of  power,  and  frequently 
an  increased  discharge  of  water,  and  then  again  the  quantity  of  water 
used  is  constant  and  such  as  will  give  the  best  results.  It  will  be  seen 
at  a  glance,  that  these  conditions  are  exactly  the  opposite  of  what  a 
wheel  in  practical  operation  will  be  placed  under,  as  every  manufactur- 
er knows  a  fluctuating  motion  and  the  use  of  a  variable  quantity  of 
water  is  unavoidable. 

Now,  while  we  have  obtained  the  very  highest  ratio  of  useful  effect, 
we  wish  to  be  understood  we  do  not  base  our  claims  on  this  alone,  but 
it  is  from  the  evidence  furnished  by  hundreds  of  wheels  operating  un- 
der high  and  low  falls,  and  for  every  purpose,  and  under  all  conditions, 
that  for  steady  running  under  a  variable  motion  and  with  a  variable 
quantity  of  water,  without  perceptible  decrease  in  ecoRomical  results, 
we  triumphantly  claim  to  have  no  equal. 

Step  or  Pivot. 

Our  wheel  is  so  arranged  mechanically  that  the  head  and  fall  of  water 
produces  no  weight  whatever  upon  the  stop  or  pivot — the  action  of  the 
water  tending  rather  to  lift  the  wheel,  thus  preventing  to  a  great  degree 
the  wearing  down  of  the  step  and  also  the  waste  of  power  from  friction, 
We  have  wheels  running  now  that  were  put  in  when  the  wheel  was 


36 

first  invented — running  on  the  same  steps  as  when  first  put  in.  If  in 
the  course  of  years  the  step  should  wear  down,  it  is  only  a  matter  of  a 
half  hour  to  take  the  bridgetrce  out  and  put  in  a  new  step. 

Mill  Gearing. 

As  one  of  the  advantages  which  the  rapid  motion  of  our  wheel,  (aris- 
ing from  its  small  size  and  diminished  friction,)  gives  over  other  wheels 
is  in  the  use  of  light  gearing ;  and  as  the  power  of  our  wheel,  and  es- 
pecially the  smaller  sizes,  has  sometimes  been  much  diminished  by 
the  heavy,  clumsy  gearing  of  the  overshot  being  used,  we  have  at  great 
expense  made  a  set  of  patterns  of  mill  gearing,  light  and  with  well 
shaped  cogs,  especially  adapted  to  the  rapid  motion  of  our  wheel ;  and 
we  ask  the  purchaser  of  our  wheel,  to  let  us  furnish,  if  possible,  those 
pieces  by  which  the  main  power  is  taken  from  the  wheel. 

The  Leffel  Wheel. 

Among  the  vast  amount  of  evidence  we  have  of  the  superiority  of 
the  Double  Turbine,  we  cannot  refrain  from  calling  attention  to  the 
continual  reference  made  by  other  wheel  builders,  to  the  "  Leffel  Wheel," 
either  for  the  purpose  of  elevating  their  own  by  detracting  from  the 
merits  of  ours,  or  as  a  standard  of  comparison,  all  of  which  shows  an 
ill  disguised  fear  and  virtual  indirect  acknowledgement  of  the  superior 
merits  of  the  Leffel  Wheel. 

It  has  now  become  an  ordinary  practice  among  wheel  builders,  in 
enumerating  the  points  of  excellence  in  their  wheel,  to  particularly 
impress  the  fact  "  That  their  wheel  is  at  least  equal  in  point  of  economy 
to  the  Leffel  Wheel." 

In  fact,  the  Double  Turbine  has  almost  superceded  the  Overshot  as  a 
standard  by  which  to  determine  the  comparative  merits  of  wheels,  and 
it  is  thought  by  other  wheel  builders  to  be  quite  as  significant  now  to 
say  that  their  wheel  equals  the  Leffel  Wheel,  as  it  was  formerly  to  say 
that  it  equaled  the  overshot. 

Ndw,  while  we  know  all  such  claims  to  be  unfounded,  we  can  nut 
but  thank  them  for  thus  affording  additional  proof  of  the  truth  of  the 
claim  we  make  of  having  the  best  wheel  in  the  world. 

66  Inch  Wheel. 

We  are  getting  up  patterns  for  a  66  inch  wheel,  which  will  issue 
about  700  square  inches  of  water.  Parties  needing  wheels  of  that  pow- 
er will  please  write  us  and  we  will  furnish  the  desired  information. 

Wheels  Leave  the  Works  Complete. 

Our  wheels  are  completely  finished  before  leaving  the  works,  so  that 
parties  in  putting  the  wheel  in  have  nothing  to  do  but  cut  a  hole  in 
floor  of  flume  the  size  of  the  cylinder  of  wheel,  and  set  it  in,  coupling 


37 

the   upper  shaft    to    the   wheel  shaft  by  coupling   furnished   with  the 
wheel  live  ol    cost. 

Parties  ordering  Wheels,  will  please  observe  the  following  : 

State  which  way  you  want  your  wheel  to  run,  with  the  sun  or  against 
the  sun  ;  or  right  hand  wheel  or  left  hand  wheel,  as  we  make  them 
to  run  either  way,  according  to  order — and  write  your  shipping  di- 
rections in  a  clear  manner. 

Parties  wishing  any  further  information  concerning  the  wheel,  not 
contained  in  this  pamphlet,  or  have  any  peculiar  location  to  which 
■they  wish  to  adapt  the  wheel,  will  please  write  us,  and  we  will  take 
great  pleasure  in  answering  any  letters. 

in  writing  to  us  we  wish  parties  to  state  plainly  their  post  office  ad- 
dress, and  particularly  to  name  the  State,  as  we  receive  letters  almost 
daily  in  which  the  name  of  the  State  is  omitted,  and  which  necessarily 
receive  no  answer. 

Special  Notice. 

James  Leffel's  American  Double  Turbine  Wheel  is  manufactuiea  at 
five  different  places  in  the  United  States.  The  shop  from  which  this 
circular  is  sent,  is  located  at  Portland,  Oregon,  and  is  not  connected 
with  any  other. 

A.Myers,  a  son-in-law  of  the  inventor,  having  bought  the  exclusive 
right,  under  the  patent,  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  comprising  the  States  of 
Oregon,  California  and  Nevada,  and  the  Territories  of  Idaho  and  Ari- 
zona and  part  of  Montana,  and  having  operated  under  the  firm  name  of 
Leftel  &  Myers,  is  now  manufacturing  the  wheel  at  the  Oregon  Iron 
Works,  Portland,  Oregon  ;  from  whom,  or  his  authorized  agents,  all 
the  wheels  used,  in  this  territory,  must  be  secured. 

"Warranty. 

Our  wheels  are  warranted  to  work  to  entire  satisfaction,  when  they 
are  put  up  in  poriect  accordance  with  our  instructions  in  this  pamphlet ; 
when  speeded  under  the  head,  according  to  the  number  of  revolutions 
designated  in  the  tables  ;  and  using  the  quantity  of  water  described. 
When  thus  put  up,  if  they  do  not  perform  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of 
the  purchaser,  they  may  be  returned  within  six  months,  we  paying  the 
freight,  and  money  refunded.  Any  variation  from  our  directions  vitiates 
the  guarantee  in  every  particular.  This  clause  is  inserted  in  order  to  se- 
cure correct  principles  in  putting  up  the  wheel.  There  are  many 
Millwrights  on  this  coast  who  think  they  know  everything  about 
wheels,  and  know  nothing  at  all,  and  will  use  their  own  stupid  ideas. 
Thus  we  are  compelled  to  secure  the  reputation  of  our  wheel  from  their 
vicious  designs. 


38 

Infringements. 

James  Leffel,  of  Springfield,  Ohio,  is  the  original  inventor  and  pat- 
entee of  James  Leffel's  American  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheel,  and 
he  has  secured  and  protected  his  invention  by  letters  patent  dated  Jan- 
uary 14,  1862.  and  which  patent  was  surrendered  and  re-issued  Octo- 
ber 11,  1864,  more  fully  protecting  his  patent  by  eleven  distinct  claims, 
fully  covering  and  protecting  every  part  of  his  invention. 

This  celebrated  wheel  has  become  so  widely  known,  and  its  superior 
merits  approved,  that  parties  are  modeling  after  it,  and  in  many  cases 
infringing  on  the  patent.  To  all  such  we  hereby  notify  and  declare 
that  said  patent  will  be  protected  from  all  infringements ;  and  we 
hereby  caution  any  one  buying  a  wheel  infringing  in  the  least  on  the 
American  Double  Turbine,  that  they  will  be  proceeded  against  and 
damages  collected  from  them. 

JAMES  LEFFEL  &  CO. 


Directions  for  putting  in  the  Wheel. 

The  following  cut  shows  the  manner  of  placing  the  wheel  in  the  flume 
or  penstock.  Through  the  heavy  planking  of  the  floor  of  the  flume 
there  is  a  hole  cut  of  sufficient  size  to  let  the  cylinder  of  wheel  casing 
pass  through,  the  flange  of  wheel  casing  resting  upon  and  sustained  by 
the  floor,  as  shown.  But  that  which  is  of  the  greatest  importance, 
and  which  we  particularly  desire  those  who  have  tho  care  of  putting 
wheels  in  to  carefully  observe,  is  the  depth  of  pit  below  the  end  of  cyl- 
inder of  casing.  This  pit  should  not  be  less  than  2  feet  deep,  and  from 
that  to  3  feet  deep,  according  to  size  of  wheel.  It  will  be  observed 
that  in  the  cut  the  pit  is  shown  as  being  excavated  below  the  ordinary 
level  or  bottom  of  the  tail  race.  This  plan  will  answer  in  a  majority 
of  cases ;  but  where  tho  earth  is  liable  to  wash  away,  which  would  af- 
fect the  foundation  of  the  flume,  a  box  or  curb  2  or  3  feet  deep,  and  of 
sufficient  diameter,  can  be  placed  below  tho  end  of  cylinder  of  wheel 
casing.  The  object  in  having  this  pit  below  tho  wheel  is  to  secure  a 
free  discharge  of  water  from  the  wheel ;  and  unless  it  is  so  arranged, 
it  will  certainly  seriously  affect  the  operation  of  the  wheel.  There  should 
also  be  sufficient  space  under  the  flume  to  let  the  water  pass  out  freely. 
The  next  point  to  be  observed  is,  that  the  end  of  the  cylinder,  or  end 
of  draft  tube,  if  one  is  used,  should  dip  from  2  to  3  inches  below  the 
surface  of  the  water  in  the  tail  race  when  standing,  as  shown  by  the 
dotted  line  in  the  cut.  The  flume  should  also  be  of  sufficient  size  to 
admit  the  water  to  the  wheel  without  obstruction,  and  the  side  of  the 
flnme  should  in  no  place  come  nearer  than  one  foot  to  the  wheel  cas- 
ing, and  from  20  inches  to  2  feet  for  large  wheels. 


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41 
To  the  Reader. 

We  always  wish  that  the  purchaser  should  judge  of  our  wheels  by 
seeing  them  at  work  in  the  mills,  and  hearing,  from  those  using  them, 
what  their  opinion  may  be.  These  are  the  sure  tests,  and  by  these  we 
are  ready  to  stand.  As  an  aid  in  doing  this  we  give  the  following  list 
of  names  of  some  of  the  responsible  practical  business  men  who  are 
using  theLeffel  wheel  manufactured  by  us,  their  postoffice  address,  the 
size  of  wheel  they  use,  their  head  and  fall,  and  the  character  of  work 
done.  We  beg  of  any  one  in  want  of  a  wheel  to  go  and  see  the  wheel 
run,  and  if  you  can't  do  that,  to  at  least  write  and  get  their  opinion. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Paper  mill— M.  Nixon,  Manayunk,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot  wheel,  24  feet  fall ;  26 

inch  wheel  di<     iced  overshot,  24  feet  fall ;  30%  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— Woouen  Pulp  Works,  Manayunk,  two  40  inch  wheels  and  one  35  inch  wheel, 

new  mill,  24  feet  fall. 
Cotton  mills— Ripka  Mills,  Philadelphia,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— J.  h.  Reigle,  Reiglesville,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  Tyler  wheel,  8  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— P.  Uhler,  Uhlerville,  15  inch  wheel  displaced  Tyler  wheel,  35  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— S.  S.  Shryock,  Chambersburg,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  Stout,  Mills  &  Temple's 

10  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— D.  Wannamacker,  Jacksonville,  30%  inch  wheel ;  also,  use  36  in.  Stout,  Mills  & 

Temple's,  7  feet  fall. 
Cotton  Works— Mt.  Vernon  Cotton  Works,  Chester  Co.,  17%  inch  wheel  displaced  Overshot, 

17  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— Isaac  Stover,  Carversville,  20  inch  wheel  displaced  Reynolds  wheel,  22  feet  fall 
Paper  mill— Jas.  Lyle  &  Son,  Lewisville,  17>£  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— Young  &  Slough,  Easton,  17%  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  22  feet  fall;  17% 

inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  14  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— L.  J.  Smith  &  Co.,  Reading,  two  15>£  inch  wheels  displaced  overshot,  21  fee 
Flour  mill— P.  Uhler,  Uhlerville,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  breast  wheel,  14  feet  fall. 
Cotton  mills— A.  J.  Coughey,  Fairview,  23  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  22  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— I.  B.  Broomall,  Coatesville,  23  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— Wm.  Hughes,  A vondale,  20  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  22  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— Mt.  Holly  Paper  Co.,  Mt.  Holly,  35,  26%  and  17%  inch  wheels,  new  mill,  26  ft.  fall. 
Woolen  mill— J.  D  Heft  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  breast  wheel,  9  ft.  fall. 
Blast  Furnace— Ahl  &  Bros.,  Newville,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall ;  26  inch 

wheel  displaced  overshot,  22  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— J.  L.  Reigle,  Reiglesville,  56  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  18  feet  fall. 
Agricultural  Works— Thos.  Burchinell,  h  untingdon ,  48  inch  wheel,  new  works,  8  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— E.  Shober,  Lancaster,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  Burnham  wheel,  16  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— Swartz  &  Co.,  Reading,  30%  inch  wheel  displaced  Gates  wheel,  8  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— C.  s.  Garret,  Philadelphia,  23  and  20  inch  wheels,  new  mill,  32  feet  fall, 
^lour  mill- J.  W.  Kochler,  Easton  two  40  inch  wheels  displaced  Kalbeck  wheel,  13  ft  fall. 
Saw  mill— I.  &  E.  Thomas,  Torresdale,  30%  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  18  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— Pierce  &  Bolbrook,  Lewisville,  20  inch  wheel  displaced  Jonville  Turbine,  14  feet 

fall. 
Paper  mill— C.  Megarge,  Philadelphia,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  18  feet  fall. 
Paper  mills— C.  Wells  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  26>£  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  18  feet  falk 
Woolen  mill— Bishop,  Kelly  <fc  White,  ohestnut  Hill,  48  in.  wh.  displaced  breast  wh.,  9  ft.  fall. 
Woolen  factory—^.  C.  Lewis,  Kelly ville,  30  inch  wheel  displaced  breast  wheel,  14  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— Amos,  favis  &  Co.,  Reiglesville,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  28  feet  fall. 
Paper  mills— I  A.  Lyster,  Chambersburg,  35  and  40  inch  wheels  displaced  Jonville  Turbine, 

9  feet  fall. 
Woolen  mills— John  Passmore,  Paschal  ville,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  18  feet  fall. 
Woolen  mill-T.  D.  Heft  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  breast  wheel,  9  ft.  fall ; 

20  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— 0.  S.  Garret,  Philadelphia,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  pitch-back,  13  feet  fall. 


42 

Paper  mill— W.  W.  Harding,  Philadelphia,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall ;  17 
inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall. » 

Woolen  mill—  wolfenden,  Shure  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  12  ft. 
fall. 

Water  works  for  private  residence— Jay  Cooke,  Philadelphia,  17%  inch  wheel  displaced  over- 
shot, 16  feet  fall. 

Woolen  mill— Geo.  .Bullock,  Philadelphia,  48  inch  wheel,  new  mill,  9  feet  fall. 

Saw  mill— Jas.  M.  Wilcox  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  20  inch  wheel,  new  mill,  14  feet  fall;  23  inch 
wheel  displaced  overshot  in  paper  mill,  18  feet  fall. 

Woolen  mill— Callihan  &  Bro.,  Philadelphia,  40  inch  wheel,  new  mill,  11  feet  fall. 

Slate  works— Young  3  Slough,  Eastern,  \Z%  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  13  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— J.  Tyson,  Coatesville,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  12  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Daniel  Stout,  Lower  Bern,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  undershot,  6  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— Jessup  &  Moore,  York,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  Jonville  Turbine,  9  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— A.  Davis  &  Co.,  Easton,  two  35  inch  wheels,  new  mill,  14  feet  fall. 

Agricultural  works— L.  Palmer,  Media,  20  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  22  feet  fall ;  20  in. 
wheel  displaced  overshot,  14  feet  fall. 

Woolen  mill— S.  Hoffman,  Kellyville,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  breast  wheel,  16  feet  fall. 

Woolen  mill— James  Irving,  Chester,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  lo  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— A.  J.  Beaumont,  New  Hope,  20  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  35  feet  fall. 

Woolen  mill — John  Passmore,  Paschalville,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— D.  S.  Young,  Coatesville,  30  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— J.  H.  Lewis,  Oakdale,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  16  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— H.  Z.  Van  Reed,  Reading,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  Parker,  13  feet  fall. 

Woolen  mill— M.  Buggy,  Lieperville,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  16  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— T.  L.  Marshal,  Rennet  Square,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  14  feet  fall. 

Rolling  mill— Seifert,  McManus  &  Co.,  Reading,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  pitch-back,  21  ft.  fall. 

Paper  mill— E.Shober,  Lancaster,  two  48  inch  wheels  displaced  Burnham  wheel,  16  feet  fall. 

Cotton  mill— Wm.  Simpson,  Norristown,  56  inch  wheel  displaced  Jonville  wheel,  9  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— S.  K.  &  J.  Moyer,  Auburn,  $0)4  inch  wheel,  14  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— P.  Rudolph,  Lewisville,  20  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  17  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Myers  &  Irwin,  Frankfort,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  breast  wheel,  10  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Reese  Davis,  Leesport,  30%  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  14  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Charles  H.  Warner,  New  Hope,  two  35  inch  wheels  displaced  overshot,  14  ft.  feJL 

Flour  mill— E.  J.  Ridgway,  Darby,  17  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  18  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Ahl  &  Bro.,  Newville,  26  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  22  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill—  W.  Mode,  Coatesville,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  13  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— D.  B.  Fisher,  Reading,  30%  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  11  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Sol.  Rhoades  &  Son,  Douglasville,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  Parker,  6  feet  fall. 

Powder  mill— H.  A.  Weldy  &  Co.,  Tamaqua,  35  inch  wheel,  new  mills,  13  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— Eli  Morrison  &  Co.,  Hollidaysburg,  20  inch  wheel,  new  mill,  42  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Isaac  Shaneman,  Reading,  two  1534  inch  wheels  displaced  overshot,  21  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— D.  Y.  &  I.  Wilson,  Coatesville,  30%  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  22  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— I.  B.  Broomall,  Coatesville,  35  and  20  inch  wheels,  22  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— A.  D.  Jessop,  York,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  Jonville,  9  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— Swartz  &  ^o.,  heading,  30%  and  56  inch  wheels  displaced  Gates  wheel,  8  feet  Ml. 

Flour  mill— J.  Z.  Geismeir,  Reading,  30  inch  wneel  displaced  overshot,  11  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— E.  Shober,  Lancaster,  20  inch  wheel,  new  mill,  16  feet  fall. 

Woolen  mill— George  Bullock,  Conshehocken,  56  inch  wheel  displaced  breast  wheel,  9  ft.  fall. 

Woolen  mill— Worth  &  Dickey,  West  Chester,  15%  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  18  ft.  fall. 

Flour  mill— C.  Brinton,  jr.,  Chaddsford,  56  No.  2  wheel,  5  feet  fall. 

NEW   JERSEY. 
Foundry  and  Machine  Shop— Thomas  Loring,  Spring  Mills,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  breast 

wheel,  11  feet  fall. 
Woolen  mill— East  Lake  Woolen  Manufacturing  Co.,  Bridgeton,  26%  inch  wheel  displaced 

overshot,  26  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— McMill,  Irwin  &  Rich,  T;  llwood  40  inch  wheel  displaced  Kalbach  wheel,  10  feet 

fall. 
Flour  mill— C.  Stewart,  Change  water,  56  inch  wheel  displaced  Tyler  wheel,  11  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— J.  L.  Reigle,  Reiglesville,  30%  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  20  feet  fall. 
Rolling  mill— Pat.  Metallic  Co.,  Blackwoodtown,  30%  inch  wheel  displaced  Kalbach  wheel, 
18  feet  fall. 


43 

Flour  mill— Finlay  &  Slichter,  Lambertsville,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  breast  wheel,  11  ft.  fall. 
Flour  mill— A.  McMurrice,  Belvidere,  30  and  35  inch  wheels  displaced  overshot,  12  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— Joseph  Smith  &  Co.,  Lambertsville,  26%  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  22  ft.  fall. 
Flour  mill— T.  L.  Shimer,  Phillipsburgh,  23  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  18  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— A.  Davis  &  Co.,  Carpentersville,  15  inch  wheel  displaced  Tyler,  35  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— Baird  A  Co.,  Lambertsville,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  16  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— B.  Rlackwell,  Lambertsville,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  18  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— John  Liraberg,  Belvidere,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  10  feet  fall. 

DELAWARE. 

Cotton  mill— J.  Bancroft,  Wilmington,  23  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall.  • 

Paper  mill— Curtis  &  Bro.,  Newark,  48  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  14  feet  fall. 

IOWA. 

Flour  mill— J.  Boyd,  Yatton,  40  inch  wheel. 

Flour  mill— Crockett  Ribble,  Coon  Rapids,  26%  inch  wheel,  12  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— F.*Bupp  &  Co.,  Kellog,  40  inch  wheel,  10  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Wm.  Seeka,  Plum  Hollow,  20  inch  wheel,  14  feet. 

Paper  mill— Clark  &  Close,  Iowa  City,  two  48  inch  wheels,  one  40  inch  wheel,  one  35  inch 

wheel,  driving  works  under  8  feet  head  and  fall. 
Flour  mill— J.  M.  Overman,  Cedar  Falls,  one  56  inch  and  one  40  inch  wheel,  7  feet  fall. 
J.  W.  Lewis,  Des  Moines,  20  inch  wheel. 

Flour  mill— C.  N.  Smedley,  Oskaloosa,  three  40  inch  wheels,  7  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— John  Minert,  Volney,  40  and  48  inch  wheels,  6  feet  fall. 

INDIANA. 

Judson,  Montgomery  &  Co.,  Mishawawa,  56  inch  No.  2  wheel,  7  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill-J.  D.  Smith,  Connersville,  23  inch  wheel,  20  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— John  Church,  Knightstown,  48  inch  wheel,  running  alongside  of  Stout,  Mills  4 

Temple,  6  feet  fall. 
Woolen  mill— T.  Bushnell  &  Co.,  Monticello,  48  inch  wheel,  5  feet  fall 
Paper  mills-J.  L.  Baldwin,  Logansport,  48  inch  wheel,  10  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— Jas.  F.  Leonard,  Bloomington,  10  inch  wheel,  24  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— P.  &  J.  Suman,  Daleville,  48  inch  wheel,  grinds  24  bushels  per  hour,  8  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— N.  Sohl  &  Co.,  Indianapolis,  48  inch  wheel,  running  alongside  of  Stout,  Mills  & 

Temple.    (We  have  18  wheels  running  in  the  City  of  Indianapolis.) 
Flour  mill— F.  Underhill,  Indianapolis,  two  35  inch  wheels,  grind  40  bushels  per  hour,  16% 

feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— Gay  &  Braden,  Indianapolis,  35  inch  wheel,  drives  3  rag  engines,  400  lbs.  each , 

pumps,  <fec,  15%  feet  fall ;  20  inch  wheel  drives  machine. 
Flour  mill— C.  E.  Geisendorf  &  Co.,  Rome,  30  inch  wheel  drives  two  run  of  ±yz  feet  burrs,  and 

bolts,  Ac,  grinds  15  bushels  per  hour,  with  gate  %  drawn  ;  20  inch  wheel  drives  one  run  cf 

4  feet  burrs,  bolts,  &c,  grinds  15  bushels  per  hour  with  gate  %  drawn  ;  17  inch  wheel  drives 

one  run  4%  feet  burrs,  20  feet  overshot  taken  out,  head  23  feet. 
Flour  mill— I.  M.  Troutman,  Thornton,  40  inch  wheel  drives  one  run  of  burrs,  7  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— McKinsy,  Thornton,  35  inch  wheel  drives  one  run  stones  and  machinery,  9  feet 

fall. 
Flour  mill— G.  W.  Wilson,  Thornton,  48  inch  wheel  drives  one  run  4  feet  burrs,  bolts,  &o., 

grinds  10  bushels  per  hour,  4%  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— H.  M.  La  Follet,  Thornton,  35  inch  wheel  drives  two  run  4  feet  burrs,  grinds  14 

bushels  per  hour,  overshot  taken  out,  9  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— Benjamin  Crose,  Thornton,  48  inch  wheel  drives  two  run  burrs,  bolts,  &c,  8  feet 

head. 
Flour  mill— J.  A.  Thompson,  Edenburgh,  two  48  inch  wheels  drive  four  run  4  feet  burrs, 

grind  24  bushels  per  hour,  fall  7%  feet  head ;  30  inch  wheel  to  drive  machinery. 
Flour  mill— Smith  &  Taylor,  Zionsvillo,  48  inch  wheel  drives  two  run  of  stone,  5  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— g.  Kyne,  Thorntown,  48  inch  wheel  drives  one  run  of  stone,  4%  feet  head. 
Flour  mill— Falls  mill  company,  Pendleton,  40  inch  wheel  drives  two  run  of  4  feet  burrs, 

overshot  taken  out. 
Flour  mill-Williamson  &  Edmonds,  Yorktown,  48  inch  wheel  drives  two  run  4  feet  burrs, 

bolts,  &c,  overshot  taken  out,  9  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill-Caughron  &  Jennings,  Indianapolis,  30  and  40  inch  wheels  drive  three  run  and 

machinery,  10  feet  fall. 


u 

rlour  mill— Abraham  Hoefger,  Indianapolis,  26  inch  wheel  drives  one  run  of  corn  burrs,  10 

feet  fall.  * 

l- lour  mill— C.  E.  Geisendorf  &  Co.,  Indianapolis,  two  40  inch  wheels  grind  1,500  bbls.  of  flour 

per  week,  15%  feet  fall ;  23  inch  wheel  drives  machinery. 
Flour  mill-James  Skillen,  Indianapolis,  40  inch  wheel  drives  three  run  and  grinds  1,200  bbls 

flour  per  week,  15%  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— McClane  &  Co.,  Indianapolis,  48  inch  wheel  drives  four  rag  engines  400  lbs  each, 

pumps,  &c,  13  feet  fall.  $. 

Flour  mill— Eli  Davis,  Harvey's  Station,  Wayne  Co.,  40  inch  wheel  drives  twgypn  of  4  feet 

burrs,  &c,  overshot  taken  out,  9  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— A.  B.  Taylor,  Huntsville,  40  inch  wheel  drives  two  run  4  feet  burrs,  &c,  overshot 

taken  out,  10  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— W .  W.  Wilson,  Martinsville,  two  40  inch  wheels  drive  one  run  4  feet  burrs  to 

each  run,  grind  25  bushels  per  hour,  one  Kindleberger  wheel  taken  out,  7  feet  fall. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Grist  and  Plaster  mill— P.  C.  Cummings,  Canaan,  35  inch  wheel  drives  grist  and  plaster  mill, 

head  and  fall  8  feet ;  40  inch  wheel  drives  grist  and  plaster  mill. 
Benjamin  Benedict,  Canaan,  30%  inch  wheel  drives  grist,  plaster  and  saw  mill,  head  and 

fall  12  feet. 
Iron  works— Clifton  Mill  Co.,  Winsted,  40  inch  wheel  drives  bolt  and  wrench  factory,  head 

and  fall  8  feet. 
Cotton  mill— E  Palmer,  Montville,  35  inch  wheel  drives  cotton  mill,  head  and  fall  11  feet- 
Grist  and  Saw  mill— E.  Hurt,  Canaan,  35  inch  wheel  in  grist  and  saw  mill,  head  and  fall  10 

feet. 
Saw  mill— Cromwell  Barnes,  Burlington,  20  inch  wheel  in  circular  and  upright  saw  mHls, 

head  and  fall  20  feet. 
Woolen  mills— Samson,  Almy  &  Co.,  Moosop,  two  48  inch  wheels  drive  large  woolen  mill, 

head  and  fall  21  feet,  Tyler  wheel  taken  out. 
Cowles  Paper  Co.,  'Unionville,  40  inch  wheel  drives  two  engines  500  lbs  each,  head  and  fall  17 

feet ;  15%  inch  wheel  drives  56  inch  paper  machine,  head  and  fall  17  feet. 
Saw  mill— John  W  Bliss,  Col ebrook,  17%  inch  wheel  drives  saw  mill,  30%  inch  wheel  drives 

5  paper  engines,  head  and  fall  25  feet ;  13%  inch  wheel  drives  paper  machine,  head  and 

fall  25  feet. 
Music  factory— Ditson,  Pond  &  Co.,  Unionville,  26%  inch  wheel  drives  music  factory,  head 

and  fall  17  feet. 
Paper  mill— Hammer  &  Forbes,  Burnside,  48  inch  wheel  drives  3  paper  engines,  &c,  head 

fall  17  feet. 
Paper  mill— 1>.  &  P  M.  Fairchilds  &  Co.,  Bridgeport,  30%  inch  wheel  drives  Jordan  and  two 

rag  engines,  head  and  fall  20  feet. 
Zinc  Works— Piatt  <fe  Son,  Waterbury,  15%  inch  wheel,  head  and  fall  10  feet. 
Iron  works— Union  Bolt  and  Nut  Company,  Unionville,  35  inch  wheel  driving  works,  head 

and  fall  17  feet. 
Paper  mil!— Byron,  Loomis  &  Co.,  Suffield,  30  and  15  inch  wheels,  30  feet  fall. 
Paw  mill— A.  Wilcox,  Granly,  15  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  25  feet  fall. 
Green  &  Borthwick,  Chaplin,  40  and  17%  inch  wheels,  23  feet  fall. 
Winchester  &  Darrow,  Southington,  26  inch  wheel. 

NEW    YORK. 

We  have  about  thirty-five  of  our  wheels  running  in  the  city  of  Rochester.     We  give  below 
a  list  of  some  of  the  parties  using  them : 
Flour  mill— G.  W.  Burbank,  Rochester,  35  inch  wheel  grinds  30  bushels  per  hour,  head  and 

fall  14  feet ;  30%  inch  wheel,  head  and  fall  14  feet. 
Flour  mill— James  Conolly,  Rochester,  two  23  inch  wheels  drive  two  run  of  stones  each,  head 

and  fall  24  feet. 
Flour  mill— Kennedy  <fe  Bostwick,  Rochester,  four  30%  inch  wheels  driving  large  flouring 

mill,  head  and  fall  14  feet. 
Machine  shop— D.  K.  Barton  &  Co.,  Rochester,  two  40  inch  wheels  driving  the  works,  head 

and  fall  24  feet. 
Machine  works— Ward  &  Bro.,  Rochester,  48  inch  wheel  driving  works,  head  and  fall  24  feet . 
Flour  mill— Joseph  Hall,  Rochester,  one  30  and  one  35  inch  wheel  driving  mill. 
Flour  mill— Charles  Hill  &  Son,  Rochester,  one  40  inch  wheel. 
Flour  mill— J.  W.  Fiske,  Rochester,  three  40  inch  wheels  running  large  flour  mill. 


47 

Axe  Factory— J.  &  R.  J.  Dowd,  Lee,  26  ?a'  wheel  drives  grindstones,  4a,  head  and  Tall  15  reet. 
Paper  mill— R.  Roberts  &  Co.,  Amherst,  23  inch  wheel  drives  paper  mill,  head  and  fall  20  ft. 
Paper  mill— Cushman  &  Brothers,  Amherst,  23  inch  wheel  drives  paper  mill,  head  and  fall 

20  feet. 
Paper  mill— Carson  Paper  Company,  I>alton,20  inch  wheel  drives  paper  mill  engine*,  head 

and  fall  28  feet. 
Woolen  mill— J.  L.&  G.  W.  Barker,  Hancock,  26#  inch  wheel  drives  woolen  mill. 
Cotton  mill— Taylor  &  Olmstead  Manufacturing  Company,  Springfield,  23  inch  wheol  din- 
placed  30  inch  Chapman  wheel. 
Paper  mill— Wm.  Clark  &  Sons,  Northampton,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  Chapman  wheel. 
Cotton  waste— J.  H.  Simmons,  Westfield,  20  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  20  feet  fall. 
Circular  saw  mill— A.  Bartholomew,  West  Springfield,  20  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24 

feet  fall. 
Saw  mill— Chas.  Talmage,  South  wick,  17  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  18  feet  fall. 
Furniture  manufactory— S.  K.  Pierce,  South  Garden,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  Fairbanks 

wheel,  12  feet  fall. 
Whip  makers—  Kuowles  &  Kellogg,  Westfield,  17  inch  wheel  displaced  breast  wheel,  12  feet 

fall. 
Manufacturer— P.  Holland,  Butchertown,  35  inch  wheel. 
Paper  mill— Samuel  Horton,  Westfield,  40,  23  and  35  inch  wheels  displaced  Clapp  wheel,  9 

feet  fali. 
Saw  mill— Ed  ward  Gilbert,  Southwick,  15  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  24  feet  fall. 

WISCONSIN. 

Flour  mill— W.  J.  Austin,  Leon,  one  40  inch  wheel,  one  35  inch  wheel,  head  and  fall  9  feet. 

Flour  mill— William  Kyle,  Maiden  Rock,  one  26^  inch  wheel. 

Flour  mill— D.  R.  Sylvester,  Castle  Rock,  one  30%  inch  wheel  running  alongside  of  the 

Warren  Wheel. 
Flour  mill— Henry  Steinberg,  Weyauwega,  four  35  inch  wheels,  one  40  inch  wheel,  new  mill. 

head  and  fall  11  feet. 
Flour  mill— S.  O.Raymond,  Geneva,  one  26%  inch  wheel,  head  and  fall  12  feet. 
Flour  mill— Henry  Thien,  Thiensville,  Milwaukee  Co.,  two  56  inch  wheels,  one  40  inch 

wheel  in  place  of  Parker  wheel,  head  and  fall  6  feet. 
Flour  mil!— Connit  &  Clack,  Kekoskee,  Dodge  Co.,  one  56  inch  wheel,  in  place  of  American 

Turbine  wheel,  head  and  fall  10  feet.  * 

Flour  mill— John  Wall,  Black  Earth,  one  48  inch  wheel  in  place  of  Tuttle  wheel,  head  and 

fall  8  feet. 
Paper  mill— Mather  &  Irwin,  Sparta,  one  56  inch  No.  2  wheel,  one  40  inch  wheel,  one  35  inch 

wheel,  head  and  fall  6  feet. 
Flour  mill— Dillingham  &  Co.,  Gleebeulah,  Sheboygan  Co..  one  23  inch  wheel. 
Flour  mill— Hi  &  S.  Hoesley,  New  Glarus,  Green  Co.,  one  35 inch  wheel. 
Hills  &  Clark,  Sheboyscan  Falls,  one  30&  inch  wheel. 
Saw  and  Flour  mills— T.  Weston  &  Co.,  Wecedah,  one  40  inch  wheel  in  Saw  Mill ;  one  30>£ 

inch  wheal  in  Flour  Mill. 
Flour  miH—C.B.  Cox  &  Co.,  River  Falls,  Pierce  Co..  one  48  inch  wheel,  grinds  18  bushel  per 

hour,  head  and  fall  7  feet ;  one  26%  inch  wheel  drives  three  run  of  stone,  head  and  fall  27 

feet. 
Flour  mill— Lyon  &  Co.,  Manitowoc,  one  48  inch  wheel,  head  and  fall  8  feet. 
Flour  mill— C.  Raymond,  Evansville,  one  20  inch  wheel,  head  and  fall  15  feet. 
S.  H.  Harris,  Waupun,  one  48  inch  wheel,  in  place  of  American  Turbine,  head  and  fall  7  ft. 
Flour  mill— N.  S.  Clapp,  Hudson,  40  inch  wheel. 
Saw  mill— A.  Hall  4  Co.,  Ahnapu,  40  inch  wheel. 
Paper  mill— Wright  &Ne.wcomb,  Beloit.  35  inch  wheel,  7  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Phcenix  Mill,  Milwaukee,  56  inch  No.  2  wheel,  displaced  Overshot,  12  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— W.  D.  Hillyer.  Sparta,  30)^  inch  wheel,  10  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— W.  E.  Rowe,  Mazo  Maerie.  56  inch  wheel. 
Flour  mill— Geo.  Runkle,  Tomah,  one  23  inch  wheel,  one  26#  inch  wheel,  head  and  fall  14 

feet. 
Flour  mill— Hotchkiss  &  Puhlman,  Plymouth,  Sheboygan  Co..  two  35  inch  wheels,  one  26>£ 

inch  wheel  in  place  of  Goodwin  wheels,  head  and  fall  8  feet.' 
Flour  mill  McClessen  &  Quint,  Rural,  Waupaca  Co.,  one  48  inch  wheel. 
Flour  mill— Amaden  &,  Judcl,  Morkesan,  two  23  inch  wheels,  head  and  fall  14  feet. 
Flour  mill— John  Marshall,  Fon  du  Lac,  one  30% inch  wheel,  head  and  fall  9  feet. 
Flour  mill— Otis  &  King,  Trimble,  Price  Co.,  one  40  inch  wheel. 
Flour  mill— J.  L.  Brewer  &  Co.,  Fox  Lake,  one  40  inch  wheel  in  place  of  Noyes  wheel,  head 

and  fall  12  feet. 

8  feet. 

feet. 
ILLINOIS. 

Flour  mill— Joseph  Smith,  Danville,  35  inch  wheel,  10  feet  fall. 


48 

Flour  mi)!— John  Shott,  Byron,  35  and  30  inch  wheels,  10  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Chas.  Moore,  Orangeville,  35  inch  wheel,  9  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— S.  Alderson.  Council  Hill  Station,  15  inch  wheel  displaced  Over.- hot,  22  feet  fall. 

MINNESOTA. 

Flour  mill— N.  B.  Gaylord,  Redwing,  10  feet  head. 

Flour  mill— C.  Grosvenor,  Cannon  Falls,  30 .^  inch  wheel,  8  feet  head. 

Flour  mill— Brainard  &  Co.,  St.  Paul,  20  inch  wheel,  Overshot  taken  out,  head  28  feet. 

Flour  mill— H.  Collins,  Lake  City,  20  inch  wheel  Overshot  taken  out,  17  feet  head. 

V;onr  mill— W.  W.  Phelps,  Redwing,  15%  inch  wheel,  30  feet  head* 

Flour  mill— S.  W.  Steveng,  Hokah,  26%  inch  wheel. 

Flour  mill— Clark  &  Hawley,  Redwing,  40  iuch  wheel, 

OREGON. 

Saw  mill— John  West  &  Co.,  West  Port,  Clatsop  Co.,  23  inch  wheel,  24  feet  head,  driving  54 

inch  Circular  Saw,  with  half  gates  cuts  1,(*X)  feet  per  hour. 
Planer  mill— John  West  &  Co.,  West  Port,  Clatsop  Co.,  15%  inch  wheel,  Woodworth  Planer, 

10  feet  fall 
Saw  mill— H.  Kelloy,  near  Portland,  13%  inch   wheel,  29  feet  head,  driving  40  inch  Circular 

F  our  mill— Savier  &  Co.,  Oregon  City,  30%  inch  wheel,  13%  feet  head,  grinds  with  two  pair 

40  inch  burrs  150  bbls.  flour,  24  hours. 
Paper  mill— Oregon  City,  20  inch  wheel    18%  inch  wheel,  both  with  partial  gates,  small 

wheel  13  feet  head  driving  machine ;  20  inch  wheel,  the  Engines  and  all  other  machinery. 
Flour  mill— Dayton.  Palmer  <fe  Brown,  variable  head  from  3  to  21  feet,  35  inch  wheel  driving 

from  1  to  8  pair  of  burrs  and  machinery. 
Flour  mill— Rob't  Kinney,  McMinnville,  15%  inch  wheel,  56  feet  fall,  with  partial  gates  drives 

two  pair  of  burrs  and  machinery. 
Woolen  Factory— Salem,  W.  W.  Mf.  Co.,  48  inch  wheeJ,  17  feet  fall,  with  partial  gates,  drives 

all  machinerv,  manufacture  1000  yards  per  day. 
Flour  mill— Salem,  W.  W.  Mf.  Co.,  26%  inch  wheel,  driving  machinery,  30%  inch  wheel, 

drives  2  pair  40  inch  burrs,  grinds  50  bushels  per  hour,  full  head,  head  varies"  from  20  feet 

Saw  mill— Springfield  Mi.  Co.,  Engine  City,  40  inch  wheel  drives  double  Circular,  Planer, 
&c,  &c,  20  feet  fall. 

Flour  and  Saw  mill— Haker  &  Olds,  LaGrande,  two  30}<  inch  wheels,  11  feet  head,  driving 
double  Circular  and  Flour  Mill,  S  pair  burrs  and  machinery,  alternately. 

Flour  mill— Forest  Cove,  Union  Co.,  French  &  Co.,  20  inch  wheel,  34  feet  head,  drives  2  pair 
burrs  and  machinery. 

Flour  mill— Baker  City,  French  &  Co.,  20  inch  wheel,  30  feet  head,  2  pair  burrs  and  machin- 
ery, partial  gates. 

Quartz  mill— Eagle  Creek,  Union  Co.,  15%  inch  wheel,  25  feet  head. 

Furniture  Factory— Millwaukee,  Snelling  &  Co.,  20  inch  wheel,  11  feet  head,  driving  40  inch 
Circular  Saw,  10  inch  wheel  turning  lathes,  &c. 

Woolen  mill— Aurora,  F.  Keil  &  Co.,  23  inch  wheel,  7  feet  head. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Flour  mill— Clear  Lake,  O.  Simmons  &  Co.,  S0>£  inch  wheel,  variable  head,  2  pair  burrs  and 
machinery. 

Flour  mill— Fol3ome,  Jacobs  &  Co.,  60  feet  head,  partial  gates,  3  pair  40  inch  burrs  and  ma- 
chinery. 

Saw  mill— New  Lexington,  Santa  Clara  Co.,  J.  Covail,  20  inch  wheel,  21  feet  head,  driving 54 
in.  circular,  5C0  feet  per  hour,  partial  gates 

Sawmill— New  Lexington,  Santa  Clara  Co.,  J.  Y.  McMillen,  17%  inch  wheel,  42  feet" fall,  par- 
&al  gates,  driving  double  circular,  displaced  a  Tyler  wheel  and  Overshot. 

WASHINGTON    TERRITORY. 

Saw  mill— Lewis  Love,  Columbia  Mills,  20  inch  wheel,  34  feet  fall,  driving  double  circular, 
Woodworth  planer,  cut-off  and  lath  saws.  !&>.. 

Flour  mill— Lewis  Love,  Columbia  Mills,  13%  inch  wheel,  34  feet  fell,  drives  one  54  inch  burr 
and  all  machinery  of  mill,  going  12  bushels  per  hour  with  parlia1  gates. 

Flour  mill— Overholtzer  &  Jacobs,  Walla  Walla,  26%  inch  wheel,  16  feet  head,  drives  two  pair 
40  inch  burrs  and  machinery. 

Flour  mill— J.  C.  Reynolds,  Walla  Walla,  26%  inch  wheel,  same  as  above. 

IDAHO    TERRITORY. 

Quartz  mill— Rocky  Bar,  3J%  inch  wheel,  26  stamp  mill. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Cotton  mill— Metcalf  &Clapp,  Columbus,  Georgia,  56 inch  wheel. 

Flour  mill— Geo.  Jennings,  Nebraska  City,  Nebraska,  23  inch  wheel. 

Flour  mill— Hurford  &  Bro.,  Omaha,  Nebraska,  35  and  26  inch  wheels,  6  feet  fall. 

Circular  saw  mill— Staley  &  Dver,  Marysviile,  Kansas,  56  inch  wheel  No.  2,  10  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Wheaton,  Pencost  &  Co.,  Hillsdale,  Michigan,  15%  inch  wheel,  26  feet  fall. 

Jas.  Taylor,  Staunton,  Delaware,  15  inch  wheel, 40  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— J.  W.  Smith,  Denver  City,  Colorado,  40  inch  wheel. 

Flour  mill— Perry  Hutcheson,  Marysviile,  Kansas,  56  inch  wheel  No.  2,  6  feet  fall. 

H.  Perrin,  Marshal,  Michigan,  one 40  and  three  SO  inch  wheels,  6  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— C.  G.  Foot,  Warn  ego,  Kansas,,  20  inch  wheel. 

Flour  mill— Luther  Hadley,  Brownsville,  Nebraska,  40  inch  wheel. 


45 

Fl0ur  mill— Joseph  H.  Pool,  Rochester,  two  30%  inch  wheels  drive  two  run  of  stone  each 

head  and  fell  35  feet ;  one  26%  inch  wheel  drives  two  ran  of  stone. 
Flour  mill— Richardson,  Burbanks  &  Co.,  Kochester,  40  inch  wheel  drives. 
Steam  engine  builders—  D.  A.  Woodbury  &  Co.,  Rochester,  ;»y.  hi<-h  wheel. 
Flour  miU-M.  B.  Ovitt,  Rochester,  30%  inch  wheel. 
Flour  mill— Mosely,  Motley  &  Wilson,  Kocbester,  35  inch  wheel. 
Flour  mill — L  B,  Gordon  &  Bio.,  Cuba  Pepot,  one  17%  inch  wheel  driving  Hour  mill. 
Crist  mill— *  ■  A.  Sherman,  Groton,  one  30%  inch  wheel  driving  grist  mill,  head  and  fall  13 

feet. 
Flour  mill— Hiram  Finch,  Lockport,  two  40  inch  wheels  running  large  flour  mil!,  head  and 

i  i  feet. 
Cement  worts— Fosendale  Cement  Works,  Rondout,  one  23  inch  wheel  driving  works  under 

40  feet  head. 
Jamieson  &  Pierson,  Batavia,  one  48  inch  wheel  running  alongside  of  new  breast  wheel. 
Westover  &  Foster,  Richmondville,  20  inch  wheel. 
Cotton  mill— New  Hartford  Manufacturing  Company,  Sew  Hartford,  40  inch  wheel  drive* 

cotton  mill,  100  looms,  head  and  fall  20  feet. 
Paper  mill— D.  P.  Davis,  Nassau,  26%  inch  wheel  drives  3  engines  250  lbs  each,  head  and  fall 

80  feet ;  13J£  inch  wheel  drives  paper  machine,  head  and  fall  20  feet. 
Paper  mill— Buikly,  Benton  &  Co..  New  York  City.  13%  inch  wheel  drives  62  inch  paper  mill. 

head  and  fall  27  feet. 
Paper  mill— Orr  &  Co.;  North  Hoosick,  35  inch  wheel  drives  paper  engines. 
Paper  mill— Taggart,  West  &  Co.,  Watertown,  56  inch  wheel  No.  2  drives  four  rag  engines, 

500 lbs.,  head  and  fall  8  feet. 
Paper  mili— George  West  &  Son,  Eallston,  40  inch  wheel  drives  engine,  &c;  15  inch  wheel 

drives  machine,  &c. 
Saw  mill— Daniel  Phelps,  Honeoye,  40  inch  wheel  drives  saw  mill,  head  and  fall  6  feet;  two 

40  inch  wheels  drive  flour  mill,  6  feet  head  and  fall. 

RHODE    ISLAND. 

Cotton  mill— Wm.  R.  Green  &  Co.,  Hope  Valley,  40  inch  wheel  displaced  Collins  wheel,  17  feet 

fall. 
Cotton  mill— Benjamin  Wilbur,  South  Scituate,  30  inch  wheel,  17  feet  fail. 
Manufactory— Alanson  Steere,  Rockland,  30  inch  wheel  displaced  Tyler  wheel. 
Angel  &  Matteson,  Prendon,  17%  inch  wheel  displaced  IS  inch  Tyler  wheel,  18  feet  fall. 

VERMONT. 
Faper  mill— David  Hunter  &  Co.,  North  Bennington,  30%  inch  wheel  drives  paper  machine. 

head  and  fall  8  feet. 
Norman  Cobb,  jr.,  East  Putney,  20  inch  wheel. 
Erastus  F.  Enierson,  Peacham,  i6%  inch  wheel. 

NEW    HABIPSHIRE. 

Manufacturing  Com pany—E.  A.  Strain,  agent  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Co.,  Manchester, 
one  40  inch  wheel  driving  Amoskeag  Axe  Factory,  Boyden  Turbine  taken  out;  one 48  inch 
wheel  driving  cotton  mill,  head  and  faU  30  feet. 

Woolen  Factory— Daniel  Hale,  Woolen  Manufacturing  Company,  Centre  Ossipee,  one  40  inck 
wheel  driving  works. 

Saw  mill— Henry  W.  Weeks,  Warren,  48 inch  wheel  drives  circular  saw,  head  and  fall  12  feet- 

OHIO. 

Flour  mill— Moore  6r  Wilier,  Milford  Center,  85  inch  wheel,  10  feet  fail. 

Fiour  mHl— Geo.  Gerolman,  Maumee  City,  26%  inch  wheel  alongside  overshot,  26  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Service,  Hill  &  Co.,  Urbana,  23  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  20  feet  fall. 

Flour  mill— Jas.  Gordon  &  Co.,  Cincinnati,  56  inch  wheel,  11  feet  fall. 

Flour  miU— Bachelor  &  Palmer,  Lockland,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  42  inch  Stout,  Mills  * 

Temple,  15  feet  fall. 
Flour  and  Saw  mill— B.  W.  Maxwell,  Sidney,  two  17J£  and  two  15%  inch  wheels  in  flour 

mill ;  28  inch  wheel  in  circular  saw  mill,  21  feet  fall.     These  wheels  all  displaced  overshot 

wheels. 
Flour  mill— J.  W.  Oarey,  Sidney,  five  17%  inch  wheels,  20  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— D.  &  j.  Weimar,  West  MHton,  10  inch  wheel  drives  three  run  of  stone,  56  feet 

fall,  diaplaaed  two  overshot  wheels. 
Circular  saw  mill-^.  Malay  &  Son,  Meehanicsburg,  26  inofa  wheel,  18  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill-  Jacoby  &  Stewart,  Clifton,  Greene  Co.,  26  and  1%  inch  wheel*,  22  feet  fell. 


46 

Flour  mill— Wm.  M.  Marlatt,  Newconierstown,  35  inch  wheel,  8  feet  fall. 
Flour  mill— Jacob  Vernon,  Calais,  4S  inch  wheel,  7  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— ThOB.  Nixon,  Dayton,  40,  30  and  13%  inch  wheels,  11  feet  fall. 
Lagonda  Agricultural  Works,  Springfield,  35  inch  wheel  driving  works. 

MARYLAND. 

Paper  mill->A.  Priestly  &  Co.,  Elk  ton,  23  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  22  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— Stonebraker  &  Cook,  Hagerstown,  53  inch  wheel  No.  2  displaced  Burnham  wheel, 

9  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— J.  W.  Stonebraker  &  Co  ,  Hagerstown,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  Burnham  wheel, 

9  feet  fall. 
Paper  mill— Emmert  &  Sou,  Funkstown,  30  and  48  inch  wheels  displaced  Burnham  wheel, 

9  feet  fall. 
Saw  mill— W.  H.  Spratt,  Elktown,  two  20  inch  wheels,  14  feet  fall. 

Paper  mill— W.  B.  Hoffman,  Paper  Mills  P.  O.,  35  inch  wheel  displaced  Burnham,  18  ft.  fall. 
David  Scott,  Elktown,  26  inch  wheel. 

MASSACHUSETTS, 
Paper  mills— Smith  Paper  Company,  Lee,  48  inch  wheel  drives  three  engines,  700  lbs  each, 

head  and  fall  14  feet ;  35  inch  wheel  drives  one  Jordan  engine,  head  and  fall  14  feet ;  20 

inch  wheel  drives  one  76  inch  machine,  head  and  fall  14  feet ;  40  inch  wheel  drives  three 

rag  engines  700  lbs  each,  head  and  fall  14  feet ■;  40  inch  wheel  drives  one  Jordan  engine, 

four  cutters,  two  dusters,  &c,  head  and  fall  14  feet ;  48  inch  wheel  drives  one  Jordan  and 

mixing  engines,  head  and  fall  8%  feet ;  48  inch  wheel  drives  three  engines  350  lbs  each, 

head  and  fall  8  feet ;  56  inch  wheel  No.  2  drives  two  engines  600  lb3.,  one  engine  300  lbs.,  two 

cutters,  dusters,  &c,  head  and  fall  8  feet ;  56  inch  wheel  No.  2  drives  one  Jordan  and  one 

500  lb.  mixing  engine,  head  and  fall  8  feet ;  30%  inch  wheel  drives  one  62  inch  machine, 

head  and  fall  8  feet ;  48  inch  wheel  drives  engines,  &c. 
Paper  mill— P.  C.  Baird,  Lee,  X$K  inch  wheel  drives  four  rag  engines  400  lbs.  each,  head  and 

fall  43  feet ;  26 y%  inch  wheel  drives  finishing  works,  head  and  fall  8  feet. 
Paper  mill— Z.  Crane,  jr.,  Dalton,  40  inch  wheel  drives  four  rag  engines  SCO  lbs.  each,  two 

calenders,  &c,  head  and  fall  17  feet. 
Paper  mill— May  &  Rogers,  Lee,  20 inch  wheel  drives  three  rag  engines,  300  lbs  each,  head 

and  fall  40  feet ;  17%  inch  wheel  drives  four  engines  275  lbs  each,  two  calenders,  head  and 

fall  40  feet ;  23  inch  wheel  drives  two  paper  engines  300  lbs  each,  and  one  calender,  head 

and  fall  24  feet. 
Cotton  mill— Adams  &  Clark,  South  Adams,  48  inch  wheel  drives  cotton  mill,  head  and  fall 

14  feet. 
Cotton  mill— J.  D.  Wheeler  &  Son,  Milbury,  30%  inch  wheel,  26  feet  fall. 
Caleb  Bates,  Kingston,  two  23  inch  wheels. 

Cotton  mill— Seely  &  Adams,  Housatonic,  two  56  inch  No.  2  wheels,  7  feet  fall. 
P.  Bryant  &  Son,  West  Chesterfield,  23  inch  wheei  driving  circular  saw  mill.  37  feet  fall ;  17 

inch  wheel  driving  planing  mill,  22  feet  fall ;  26  inch  wheel  driving  mill,  &c. 
Nail  works— S.  Loring,  Plymouth,  13>4  inch  wheel  driving  works.    Also,  30>£  inch  wheel. 
Saw  mill— Ira  Chandler,  Kingston,  17%  inch  wheel,  8  feet  Call, 

Machine  shop— D.  D.  Allen,  South  Adams,  10  inch  wheel  displaced  overshot,  16  feet  fall. 
Wire  Works— Cobb  &  Drew,  Plymouth,  23  inch  wheel ;  also  uses  Warren  Turbine,  18  feet  fall. 
Cotton  mill— Monument  Mills,  Housatonic,  56  inch  wheel  No.  2  drives  large  cotton  mill, 

head  and  fall  17  feet. 
Woolen  factory— Blackington  &  Phillips,  South  Adams,  48  inch  wheel  drives  seven  set 

woolen  machinery,  head  and  fall  16  feet. 
Paper  mill— Delany  &  Watson,  Northampton,  23  inch  wheel  drives  two  rag  engines,  head 

and  fall  31  feet ;  10  inch  wheel  drives  paper  machine,  head  and  fall  34  feet. 
Paper  mill— John  Bottomly,  Lee,  35  inch  wheel  drives  three  rag  engines  200  lbs  each,  head 

and  fall  12  feet ;  17^  inch  wheel  drives  paper  machine,  head  and  fall  12  feet. 
Paper  mill— Wm.  Blovelt  &  Co.,  26%  inch  wheel  drives  one  62  inch  paper  machine,  head  and 

fall  7  feet, 
Iron  works—  30>£  inch  wheel  drives  trip  hammers,  Ac,  head  and  fall  12  feet. 
Paper  mill— Benton,  Garfield  &  Co.,  Lee,  30%  inch  wheel  drives  two  rag  engines  400  lbs  each, 

head  and  fall  12  feet. 
Paper  mill— John  Trimbles,  Tyringham,  26%  inch  wheel  drives  two  paper  engines,  250  lbs 

each,  head  and  fall  13  feet. 
Circular  Saws— J.  Allen  &  Son,  West  Tummington,  30%  inch  wheel  drives  circular  saws, 

head  and  fall  8  feet.  , 


49 
TESTIMONIALS  FROM  THE  PACIFIC  STATES. 


Lexington,  Santa  Clara  Co.,  Cal.,  June  29th,  1867. 
Messrs.  Leffel  &  Myers — Gentlemen  : 

I  am  well  pleased  with  the  wheel  j  like  it  better  than  the  over- 
shot. As  to  its  doing  more  work  than  the  overshot,  I  am  not  sure 
that  it  does.  As  to  comparing  it  with  the  Tyler  wheel,  I  cannot  do 
it.  The  Leffel  Wheel  is  so  far  superior  to  the  Tyler  wheel  that  it 
admits  of  no  comparison.     I  am  satisfied  with  the  wheel. 

A  word  about  Covell's  Wheel.  He  has  an  edger  running  now, 
and  yesterday  sawed  0.500  feet,  which  is  doing  well. 

Yours,  truly.  J.  Y.  McMILLO. 

P.  S.  If  you  send  airy  one  to  my  mill  I  will  take  pleasure  in 
showing  the  merits  of  your  wheels.  J.  Y.  Mc. 


Mountain  Spring,  East  Portland,  July  25,  1867. 
Messrs.  Leffel  &  Myers — Gentlemen  : 

You  wished  to  know  how  I  liked  the  LefiV's  American  Double 
Turbine  Water  Wheel.  It  is  the  best  wheel  now  in  use  for  conven- 
ience and  economy,  always  doing  its  work  with  precision,  and  saves 
one-half  the  cost  in  machinery.  After  using  it  three  years,  I  would 
recommend  it  to  all  wanting  water  wheels. 

Yours,  &c.,  H.  KELLY. 


MINERS'  MEASUREMENT, 

It  is  the  custom  on  this  coast  generally,  to  estimate  water  by 
what  is  popularly  known  as  Miners'  Measurement;  which,  accord- 
ing to  custom,  is  any  opening  under  six  inches  pressure.  In  some 
camps  four  inches  pressure  is  only  allowed,  and  in  others  ten.  The 
pressure  varies  according  to  the  circumstances  of  different  camps ; 
hence  there  is  no  correct  standard  upon  which  lo  base  calculations. 
The  pressure  varying,  varies  the  quantity  of  water  of  a  given  num- 
ber of  inches  under  the  different  heads;  hence,  there  is  a  great 
difference  in  the  judgment  of  miners,  as  to  what  quantity  of  water 
constitutes  a  certain  number  of  inches  of  water  as  it  flows  in  a 
stream. 

Taking  these  things  all  into  consideration,' no  millwright  or  hy- 
draulic engineer  can  come  to  any  definite  conclusion,  from  a  declaration 
that  this  or  that  man.  who  proposes  to  construct  a  mill,  has  so  many 
miners'  inches  of  water.  He  may  make  his  estimates  for  a  six  inch 
pressure,  and  it  may  be  four,  eight,  or  ten,  or  even  twelve,  not 
knowing  the  pressure,  the  result  would  vary  materially. 


50 

Again,  the  methods  for  constructing  the  openings  vary,  so  that 
the  quantity  of  water  issued  under  the  different  methods,  is  as  vari- 
ous as  from  the  different  heads.  Therefore,  no  definite  calculation 
for  mechanical  purposes  can  be  determined  from  miners'  measure- 
ment. 

The  various  results  of  miners'  measurement  range  from  1.66  (one 
and  sixty-six  one  hundredths)  to  2.66  cubic  feet  per  minute  to  a 
miner's  inch,  and  sometimes  as  high  as  3  cubic  feet  to  an  inch. 

It  will  therefore  be  plainly  seen  by  all,  that  the  practice  of  this 
coast  for  estimating  water  is  not  practical,  and  ought  to  be  aban- 
doned. 

The  only  definitely  certain  method  is  to  compute  the  numb 
cubic  feet  per  minute,  which  is  accomplished  by  the  following 

Rule — Get  the  spouting  velocity  of  the  water  under  the  head, 
which  is  ]/h  X  8.02,  multiplied  by  the  number  of  square  inches  of 
the  orifice,  X  12  X  60,  and  divided  by  1728,  the  number  of  square 
inches  in  a  cubic  foot,  where  h  represents  the  night  of  fall  in  feet. 

By  this  process  any  competent  mechanic  can  determine  what 
power  may  be  reasonably  expected  from  a  given  quantity  of  water 
under  any  given  head.  By  this  method  all  our  tables  are  computed 
and  our  horse  power,  quantity  of  water  and  revolution  determined. 

Miners'  Indies  anxl  di!>i©  ITeet:  Compared. 

As  the  results  and  practice  of  miners'  measurement  are  so  vari- 
ous, it  is  desirable  that  we  arrive  at  some  method  by  which  the  two 
can  be  compared.  From  numerous  experiments  in  measuring  water 
in  miners'  ditches  and  wiers,  we  have  adopted  the  following  rule,  to 
approximate  the  truth,  in  statements  where  miners  inches  are  made 
use  of.  For  instance,  a  man  writes  me  that  he  has  34  feet  fall  and 
250  inches  of  water,  miners'  measurement.  I  find  on  page  25,  in 
the  column  under  34,  opposite  the  151  inch  wheel,  507  cubic  feet  per 
minute,  which  water  will  give  nearly  29,  horse  power.  Or,  another 
has  40  feet  head  and  100  inches  water.  I  see  in  column  40,  on  the 
same  page,  and  opposite  the  10  inch  wheel,  243  cubic  feet  per  min- 
ute, and  16.32  horse  power.  Therefore,  to  arrive  at  the  truth  as 
near  as  possible,  take  the  half  cf  the  cubic  feet  under  the  head, 
for  the  number  of  miners'  inches,  to  know  what  horse  power  may 
be  expected  from  a  given  number  of  miners'  inches  from  any  given 
head.  But,  as  we  said  before,  this  is  only  approximate  to  the  truth, 
and  the  result  may  be  far  greater,  but  it  is  safe  to  base  the  estimates 
on  this  result. 


51 

By  the  use  of  the  following  table,  any  quantity  of  water  can  be 
accurately  estimated  in  cubic  feet,  by  having  the  water  spill  through 
a  notch  cut  in  a  board  placed  across  the  stream,  as  described  on 
page  27.  The  notch  should  be  equally  distant  from  each  side  of  the 
stream,  and  six  inches  or  more  from  the  bottom.  You  will  make 
your  estimate  as  follows  : 

The  table  shows  the  number  of  cubic  feet  of  water  that  will  pass 
a  weir  of  one  inch  in  breadth  in  one  minute,  from  one-tenth  of  an 
inch  to  eighteen  inches  and  9-I0ths  in  hight  of  water  on  tho  weir. 

Bide: — Find  the  inches  of  hight  in  the  left  hand  column,  then  in 
the  same  horizontal  line  under  the  tenths  of  inches  will  be  found 
the  cubic  feet  of  water  passing  over  one  inch  of  breadth  in  a  minute; 
this  quantity,  multiplied  by  the  breadth  of  the  weir,  in  inches,  giv 
the  total  number  of  cubic  feet  per  minute. 

Table    for    Weirs.  , 


Ins. 

0 

I 

2 

1 
3 

4 

I 
5 

6              7              8 

9 

0 

0.000 

0.013 

0.036 

0.066 

0.102 

0.143 

0.187 

0.236 

0.288 

0.34-J 

1 

0.403 

0.465 

0.530 

0.598 

0.668 

0.741 

0.816 

0.894 

0.974 

1.05( 

2 

1.140 

1.227 

1.315 

1.406 

1.499 

1.594 

1.690 

1.7S9 

1.S89 

1.99] 

3 

2.095 

2.200 

2.308 

2.417 

2.527 

2.640 

2.754 

2.869 

2.986 

3.10: 

4 

3.225 

3.347 

3.470 

3.595 

3.721 

3.848 

3.977 

4.108 

4.239 

4.37: 

5 

4.507 

4.643 

4.780 

4.919 

5.059 

5.200 

5.342 

5.486 

5.630 

5.77V 

6 

5.925 

6.073 

6.223 

6.375 

6.527 

6.681 

6.835 

6.991 

7.148 

7.30; 

7.466 

7.627 

7.788 

7.951 

8.115 

8.280 

8.446 

8.613 

8.782 

8.951 

S 

9.122 

9.293 

9.466 

9.640 

9.814 

9.990 

10.167 

10.345 

10.524 

10.704 

9 

10.884 

11.086 

11.249 

11.433 

11.618 

11.804 

11.991 

12.179 

12.369 

12.557 

10 

12,748 

12.940 

13.132 

13.326 

13.520 

13.716 

13.912 

14.110 

14.308 

14.507 

11 

14.707 

14.908 

15.110 

15.313 

15.517 

15.721 

15.927 

16.133 

16.340 

16.549 

12 

16.758 

16.968 

17.178 

17.390 

17.602 

17.816 

18.030  j 

18.215 

18.461 

18.678 

;     13 

1S.895 

19.114 

19.333 

19.553 

19.774 

19.994 

20.21S 

20.441 

20.666 

20.891 

14  21.117 

21.344 

21.511 

21.799 

22.028 

22.258 

22.489  i 

22.720  ' 

22.952 

23.1S4 

15  23.41S 

23.654 

23.890 

24.126 

24.362 

24.600 

24.839  \ 

25.07S 

25.31S 

25.559 

16  25.800 

26.042 

26.2S6  i 

26.529 

26.774 

27.019 

27.265  i 

27.512 

27.759 

28.007 

17  28.256 

28.506 

28.756 

29.007 

29.259 

29.512 

29.765 

30.019  ! 

30.274 

30.529 

IS  30.786 

31.035 

31.282 

31.564 

31.800  | 

32.068 

32.310  1 

32.582  1 

32.803 

33.008 

Example. — A    weir    is    5.4    inches    deep,    and    40   inches    wide 
Number  of  cubic  feet  in  a  minute  for  one  inch  wide  and  5.4  inche  - 
deep  is  5.059  X  40  =  202.3G  or  202£  cubic  feet  per  minute. 

This  would  not  be  a  correct  method  to  measure  water  in  a  Hum- 
or ditch,  but  only  as  it  pours  through  a  weir,  which  any  one.  under 
any  circumstance,  can  construct.  By  this  method  the  quantity  of 
water  can  be  ascertained  with  the  greatest  certainty. 

Too  Small  Wlieels. 

Most  persons  are  apt  to  select  too  small  a  wheel  to  do  their  work 
well.     From  what  can  be  learned  from  the  experience  of  others  in 


52 

the  within  certificates,  it  will  be  seen  that  these  wheels  operate  with 
equal  satisfaction  with  partial  as  full  gates — a  facility  which 
no  other  wheel  has.  Hence  be  sure  to  order  a  wheel  of  sufficient 
size,  for  a  small  quantity  of  water,  even  down  to  the  third  and  fourth 
capacity  of  the  wheel,  can  be  applied  on  a  larger  wheel  with  the 
same  results  as  if  it  were  applied  on  a  wheel  whoso  capacity  it 
would  fill.  An  additional  advantage  is  thus  secured,  for  when  the 
quantity  of  water  is  increased,  the  same  wheel  can  use  it  to  advan- 
tage, and  work  done  in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  water  used. 
Hence  three  or  four  times  the  power  can  be  obtained  from  the  same 
wheel  which  would  use  a  small  quantity  economically.  We  have 
exchanged  wheels  as  often  as  three  times,  for  persons  who  have 
selected  too  small  a  wheel  at  first. 

We  are  always  willing  to  exchange  wheels  with  any  of  our  cus- 
tomers, upon  these  conditions  :  Customer  to  deliver  wheel  at  the 
office  or  agency,  pay  for  all  necessary  repairs  if  any  are  needed,  and 
difference  of  price  of  the  different  size. 

New  Case  for  Higfli  Head. 

In  order  to  adapt  our  wheel  to  very  high  heads  and  unusually  small 
quantities  of  water,  we  have  constructed  a  new  case,  to  which  a 
pipe  or  hose  can  be  attached.  By  the  use  of  this  case,  all  expense  of 
a  penstock  is  avoided,  and  all  leak  also.  When  very  high  heads  are 
used,  a  very  small  leak  will  lose  a  horse  power  of  water  per  minute. 
From  this  fact  many  of  the  appliances  heretofore  used  have  failed. 
By  this  new  case  we  obviate  all  loss  from  leakage,  and  the  wheels  used 
for  very  high  heads  being  manufactured  expressly  for  that  purpose, 
are  put  up  very  exact,  so  that  no  perceptible  amount  of  water  will 
waste. 

We  keep  no  wheels  on  hand  for  high  or  very  high  heads,  because 
every  wheel  for  a  very  high  head  must  be  made  for  the  head  and 
quantity  of  water  to  be*used.  And  it  is  not  probable  any  two  or 
three  wheels  will  be  demanded  in  a  year  which  are  desired  for  the 
same  head  and  quantity  of  water. 

Hence  persons  desiring  wheels  for  very  high  heads  should  send 
their  orders  at  least  three  months  before  they  expect  the  wheel  to 
be  shipped. 

Hixrd.y-Grurd.y  Wlieels. 

Many  of  the  quartz  mills  in  California  and  Nevada,  and  other  min- 
ing districts,  are  driven  by  what  is  called  hurdy-gurdy  wheels. 
They  seem  to  give  a  great  deal  of  power,  but  when  the  amount  of 


53 

water  and  high  head  is  considered,  it  is  very  evident  that  the  per- 
centage obtained  from  the  amount  of  water  used  is  very  small 
indeed. 

Although  none  of  our  high  head  wheels  have,  as  yet,  been  substituted 
for  these  wheels,  we  are  very  well  convinced  that  our  wheel  will 
give  at  least  one-third  more  power,  from  the  same  water.  The  first 
wheel  of  this  kind  is  now  in  use  at  the  Old  Forbes,  Mill,  near  New 
Lexington,  Santa  Clara  County,  California.  We  desire  all  who  are 
any  ways  skeptical  on  this  subject,  to  go  and  see  for  themselves,  or 
write  to  Messrs.  Rogers  &  Harrison,  the  present  owners. 

We  are  always  ready  to  make  calculations  and  estimates  of  water 
for  any  head  or  quantity  of  water  for  which  we  have  no  printed 
tables. 

Place  of  Manufacture. 

We  have  been  frequently  asked,  ;;  Why  do  you  make  your  wheels 
in  Portland,  Oregon  ?  "  There  are  several  reasons.  We  can  manu- 
facture them  here  more  cheaply  than  anywhere  else  on  the  coast. 
There  is  a  greater  demand  for  water  wheels  in  Oregon  and  Washing- 
ton Territory,  in  proportion  to  the  population,  than  any  other  district. 
We  have  greater  and  better  facilities  for  manufacturing  here  than 
we  could  obtain  anywhere  else.  We  make  a  speciality  of  manufac- 
turing water  wheels.  Our  machinery  is  all  adapted  to  it,  and  our 
hands  are  accustomed  to  this  kind  of  work.  If  we  have  any  sym- 
pathy with  any  portion  of  this  coast  more  than  another,  it  is  for 
Oregon,  being  among  its  first  settlers.  We  furnish  wheels  for  Cali- 
fornia, Nevada,  Arizona  and  Mexico,  and  all  ports  and  places  pur- 
chasing from  our  agency  in  San  Francisco,  at  the  same  price,  deliv- 
ered in  San  Francisco,  as  we  do  at  the  shop. 

If  the  demand  increases  as  we  hepe  it  will,  we  doubtless  will,  in 
time,  establish  a  factory  in  San  Francisco. 


Portland,  Ogn,  June  19th,  1865. 
Messrs.  Leffel  &  Myers — G-entlemen  : 

The  "  Leffefs  American  Double  Turbine"  purchased  of  you  last 
fall  is  now  doing  duty,  and  we  are  satisfied,  from  present  experience, 
that  it  is  doing  all  and  even  more  than  was  expected  of  it.  We 
have  it  doing  duty  on  two  pair  of  forty-eight  inch  burrs.  With 
these  two  forty-eight  inch  burrs,  we  are  grinding  as  much  wheat,  in 
the  same  time,  with  a  three-quarter  gate,  as  Ave  are  with  the  other 
three  pair,  and  they  are  fifty-four  inch  burrs.  The  head  we  are  using 
is  fourteen  feet.  Yours,  very  truly, 

SILVER  &  CO.,  A  Comstock  Miller, 


54 

Westport,  Clatsop  Co.,  Ogn.,  Nov.  16,  1864. 
Messrs.  Leffel  &  Myers — Dear  Sirs  : 

We  have  plenty  of  water  now,  and  your  Double  Turbine  is  in 
successful  operation.  We  are  satisfied  that  your  wheel  is  fully 
equal,  if  not  superior  to  the  Overshot.  With  the  same  water  that 
the  Overshot  uses,  we  can  do  more  work  with  the  Turbine  than  with 
the  Overshot.  I  have  tried  many  wheels  which  were  claimed  to  be 
superior  to  any  overshot,  but  yours  is  the  first  I  have  found.  Hence 
we  do  not  hesitate  to  recommend  the  American  Double  Turbine  as 
the  most  efficient  economizer  of  water  in  our  knowledge. 

.WO.  WEST  &  CO. 


Westport,  Ogn.,  Dec.  6th,  1865. 

Messrs.  Leffel  &  Myers — Gentlemen  : 

We  have  now  been  using  your  Double  Turbine  Water  Wrheel  more 
than  one  year.  We  cannot  endorse  what  we  have  heretofore  said  of 
your  Wheel  in  any  better  way  than  by  ordering  another.  Will  you, 
therefore,  send  us  another  Wrheel  fifteen  inches  in  diameter  to  drive 
our  plainer  and  small  circular  saw.  We  are  not  able  to  find  any  water 
motor  so  economical  and  useful  as  your  '•  Double  Turbine  Water 
Wheel."  JOHN  WEST. 


Walla  Walla,  W.  T.,  Nov.  30th,  1865. 

Messrs.  Leffel  &  Myers — Gentlemen  : 

We  take  pleasure  in  making  the  following  statement  in  reference 
to  the  t4  Leffel's  American  Double  Turbine  Water  Wheel,"  purchased' 
of  you  last  spring.  The  Wheel  was  first  put  in  according  to  the 
directions  of  a  millwright  near  this  place.  Previously  our  mill  was 
driven  by  a  Wheel  made  after  the  TJpham  plan.  With  this  Wheel, 
with  our  present  amount  of  water,  we  could  only  grind  about  a  bar- 
rel of  flour  per  hour,  or  twenty-four  barrels  in  twenty-four 
hours  :  because  we  could  only  run  by  heads.  After  putting  your 
Wheel  in,  as  per  the  directions  above,  we  could  run  one  pair  of  burrs 
with  the  machinery  constantly,  and  grind  from  fifty  to  sixty  barrels 
of  flour  per  day  of  twenty-four  hours.  But  the  Wheel  evidently  did 
not  do  full  duty.  Since,  you  have  caused  it  to  be  taken  out  and  put 
in  properly,  we  now  can  run  both  burrs  at  the  same  time,  with  all 
the  machinery  of  the  mill — consisting  of  conveyors,  elevators,  clean- 
ing apparatus,  smutter,  &c,  &c.  This  work  is  all  done  with  a  two- 
third  gate,  or  about  two-thirds  the  quantity  of  water  the  wheel  will 
use. 

We  are  now  making  one  hundred  barrels  of  flour  in  twenty-four 
hours'  run,  and  have  sufficient  water  to  run  constantly. 

We  believe  your  Wheel  accomplishes  all  you  claim  for  it;  and  it 
proves  itself  to  be  one  of  the  few  patent  implements  which  does  all 
its  most  sanguine  friends  claim.  Our  former  Wheel  was  four  feet  in 
diameter;  the  Wheel  we  are  using  of  yours  is  twenty-six  and  a  half 
inches  in  diameter.  We,  therefore,  do  not  hesitate  to  recommend 
your  Wheel  to  all  wanting  efficient  and  reliable  power. 

OVEBHOLTZEK  &  JACOBS. 


56 

;ns— -Dear  Sir: 

►leasure  in  making  tho  following  statements:  I  am  situated 

on  the  north  side  of  the  Columbia  river,  six  miles  above   Ifancou- 

where  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  run   their  saw-mill,  where 

1   a  twenty-two  feet   overshot  wheel,  and  am  told  that 

I  feet,  at  their  best — using  all 
the*  water.  And  with  one  of  your  Double  Turbine  Wheels,  under 
thirty-six  feet  head,  and  a  twenty-inch  wheel,  I  can  cut  six  thousand 
feet  of  lumber ;  and  with  a  ten-inch  wheel,  under  the  same  head, 
at  the  same  time,  can  grind  one  hundred  and  twenty  bushels  of 
wheat — using  no  more  water  than  the  said  Company  used.  Your 
Wheels  make  the  most  steady  power  that  I  ever  used.  For  saw 
I  consider  it  preferable  to  the  overshot.  The  Turbine  can  be 
gauged  so  that  there  is  no  waste  of  water  above  keeping  up  the 
motion;  therefore,  I  can  recommend  them  to  the  public;  and  if 
orooerly  put  up,  they  need  not  fear  the  results. 

Yours,  respectfully,  LEWIS  LOYE, 

Idaho  City,  Dec,  21st,  1865. 
Messrs.  Leffel  &  Myers  : 

I  have  long  neglected  writing  to  you,  in  relation  to  that  Turbine 
Wheel  which  I  bought  of  you  last  Fall;  not  that  the  wheel  does  not 
merit  the  highest  recommendation — for  if  any  wheel,  or  other  piece  of 
machinery,  is  worthy  of  a  recommendation,  it  is  Leffel's  Double 
Turbine  Water  Wheel. 

I  cannot  do  it  justice  in  speaking  in  its  favor;  nor  will  any  one 
be  likely  to  believe  all  that  may  be  said,  in  justice,  in  its  favor,  until 
they  have  tested  it.  If  I  wanted  another  wheel,  for  any  kind  of 
milling — but  especially  to  drive  a  Circular  Saw — I  would  pay  the 
price  for  the  Turbine,  in  preference  to  having  an  Overshot,  or  any 
other  kind  that  I  have  ever  seen,  if  it  was  made  a  present  to  me. 

I  used  mine  about  eight  months,  and  used  water  out  of  Moore's 
Creek,  when  the  miners  were  using  the  same  water,  before  I  got  it, 
and  it  was  so  thick  with  sediment  it  would  scarcely  run ;  but  I  could 
see  no  difference  between  that  and  clear  water,  so  far  as  the  motion 
or  power  of  the  wheel  is  concerned. 

I  have  reluctantly  abandoend  my  water  power,  and  substituted 
steam,  in  consequence  of  miners  having  the  first  right  to  the  water, 
and  there  not  being  enough  for  them  and  the  mill  at  the  same  time. 
Yours,  truly,  I.  P.  LAMBING. 


Portland,  Ogx.,  July  5th,  1867. 
Messrs.  Leffl  &  Myers — Dear  Sirs  : 

We  cheerfully  add  our  testimony  to  the  value  of  your  Double  Tur- 
bine Water  Wheels. 

We  have  in  use  in  our  mills  at  Oradel,  Union  County,  Oregon. 
two  of  your  30 1  inch  wheels — one  driving  the  saw  mill,  and  one 
driving  our  flouring  mill.  With  the  wheel  in  the  saw  mill  we  can 
cut  with  a  54  inch  circular  saw,  6,000  to  7,000  feet  inch  lumber  in 
lOhours,  with  ease,  and  with  the  wheel  in  the  flour  mill  we  can 
drive  one  pair  40  inch  burrs  and  machinery,  and  grind  lo  bushels 
per  hour. 


56 

The  head  we  use  is  ten  feet.  We  are  well  satisfied  with  the 
wheels,  and  can  assure  all  that  they  accomplish  all  that  you  claim 
for  them.  We  know  of  no  wheel  equal  to  yours  in  value  or  econo- 
my of  water.  <{•  ^V^a    t         ' 

i).  Uij-Uo,  Jr. 


Salem,  Ogn.,  July  25,  1867. 
Messrs.  Leffel  &  Myers— G-entlemen  : 

Havinff  been  "bilked"  time  and  again  by  water  wheel  men  and 
water  wheels,  in  our  Woolen  Factory  and  Flouring  Mill  in  this 
city  wo  despared  of  ever  having  anything  that  would  at  once  give 
power  and  economically  use  water.  But  having  been  frequently 
uroed  by  you  to  try  one  of  your  Leffel's  American  Double  lurbme 
Water  Wheels,  and  you  having  guaranteed  the  wheel  to  perform  as 
specified,  Ave  accepted  the  test.  i 

We  have  now  been  using  a  48-inch  wheel  m  the  Woolen  factory, 
of  five  setts  of  machinery,  under  a  seventeen  foot  head  of  water 
for  more  than  a  year;  also  having  substituted  the  wheels  in  our 
Flouring  Mills.  Wo  are  perfectly  satisfied  that  your  wheels  are  all 
you  recommend  them  to  be,  and   in   every  respect  come  up  to  your 

guarantee.  .   .       _  „, 

In  our  Flouring  Mill  we  had  four  wheels  driving  five  run  of  burrs, 
and  machinery  on  which  at  most  we  could  not  grind  over  40  bush- 
els per  hour.  jNtow  with  one  of  your  30*-indh  wheels  we  can  on  one 
burr  orind  50  bushels  per  hour,  or  with  the  same  wheel  on  two 
burrs  grind  60  bushels  per  hour,  when  we  have  a  full  head,  and 
then  we  only  use  partial  gates. 

We  are  so  well  satisfied  with  your  wheels  that  we  are  putting 
them  in  all  our  mills,  and  will  this  season  put  in  a  26£-mch  wheel 
for  the  machinery,  a  20-inch  wheel  for  the  chopping  burr,  and  a  oo- 
inch  wheel  to  drive  the  other  two  burrs.  >  . 

We  most  cordially  recommend  the  wheels  to  all  wanting  efficient 
and  economical  power. 

L.  F.  GEOYEE,  Agent, 
DANIEL  WALDO,  President, 
J.  HOYT,  Sup't  Woolen  Factory, 
ANDEEW  McCALLEY,  Head  Miller. 

McMinnville.  Ogn:,  July  29,  1867. 
Messrs.  Leffel  &  Myers— Gentlemen  : 

Savin  *  been  one  of  the  first  that  purchased  your  Leffel's  American 
Double  Turbine  Water  Wheels  in  Oregon,  I  feel  it  but  justice  to  you 
and  the  public  that  I  add  my  testimony  to  its  worth.  I  have  had  in  use 
in  my  flour  mill  at  this  place  for  nearly  two  years  a  lo-inck  wheel, 
under  a  head  of  88  feet.  For  the  first  year  I  was  not  entirely  satis- 
fied with  it.  not  knowing  how  to  manage  it  but  after  I  ascertained 
the  correct'speed  to  run  it,  I  am  satisfied  it  is  one  of  the  best  wheels 
in  use,  and  n\>  man  can  induce  me  to  exchange  it  for'  an  oversho^ 
for  it  is  so  much  easier  managed,  and  also  much  cheaper,  and  b)  ts 
hia-h  speed  much  geering  is  dispensed  with,  thereby  making  the 
colt  of  a  mill  and  expense  for  repairs  materially  less. 


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